Example 1-1. libpq Example Program 1
/*
* testlibpq.c
*
* Test the C version of libpq, the PostgreSQL frontend
* library.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <libpq-fe.h>
void
exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
{
PQfinish(conn);
exit(1);
}
main()
{
char *pghost,
*pgport,
*pgoptions,
*pgtty;
char *dbName;
int nFields;
int i,
j;
/* FILE *debug; */
PGconn *conn;
PGresult *res;
/*
* begin, by setting the parameters for a backend connection if the
* parameters are null, then the system will try to use reasonable
* defaults by looking up environment variables or, failing that,
* using hardwired constants
*/
pghost = NULL; /* host name of the backend server */
pgport = NULL; /* port of the backend server */
pgoptions = NULL; /* special options to start up the backend
* server */
pgtty = NULL; /* debugging tty for the backend server */
dbName = "template1";
/* make a connection to the database */
conn = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName);
/*
* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made
*/
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* debug = fopen("/tmp/trace.out","w"); */
/* PQtrace(conn, debug); */
/* start a transaction block */
res = PQexec(conn, "BEGIN");
if (!res || PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "BEGIN command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/*
* should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid
* memory leaks
*/
PQclear(res);
/*
* fetch rows from the pg_database, the system catalog of
* databases
*/
res = PQexec(conn, "DECLARE mycursor CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM pg_database");
if (!res || PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "DECLARE CURSOR command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
PQclear(res);
res = PQexec(conn, "FETCH ALL in mycursor");
if (!res || PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "FETCH ALL command didn't return tuples properly\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* first, print out the attribute names */
nFields = PQnfields(res);
for (i = 0; i < nFields; i++)
printf("%-15s", PQfname(res, i));
printf("\n\n");
/* next, print out the rows */
for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
{
for (j = 0; j < nFields; j++)
printf("%-15s", PQgetvalue(res, i, j));
printf("\n");
}
PQclear(res);
/* close the cursor */
res = PQexec(conn, "CLOSE mycursor");
PQclear(res);
/* commit the transaction */
res = PQexec(conn, "COMMIT");
PQclear(res);
/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
PQfinish(conn);
/* fclose(debug); */
return 0;
}Example 1-2. libpq Example Program 2
/*
* testlibpq2.c
* Test of the asynchronous notification interface
*
* Start this program, then from psql in another window do
* NOTIFY TBL2;
*
* Or, if you want to get fancy, try this:
* Populate a database with the following:
*
* CREATE TABLE TBL1 (i int4);
*
* CREATE TABLE TBL2 (i int4);
*
* CREATE RULE r1 AS ON INSERT TO TBL1 DO
* (INSERT INTO TBL2 values (new.i); NOTIFY TBL2);
*
* and do
*
* INSERT INTO TBL1 values (10);
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "libpq-fe.h"
void
exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
{
PQfinish(conn);
exit(1);
}
main()
{
char *pghost,
*pgport,
*pgoptions,
*pgtty;
char *dbName;
int nFields;
int i,
j;
PGconn *conn;
PGresult *res;
PGnotify *notify;
/*
* begin, by setting the parameters for a backend connection if the
* parameters are null, then the system will try to use reasonable
* defaults by looking up environment variables or, failing that,
* using hardwired constants
*/
pghost = NULL; /* host name of the backend server */
pgport = NULL; /* port of the backend server */
pgoptions = NULL; /* special options to start up the backend
* server */
pgtty = NULL; /* debugging tty for the backend server */
dbName = getenv("USER"); /* change this to the name of your test
* database */
/* make a connection to the database */
conn = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName);
/*
* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made
*/
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
exit_nicely(conn);
}
res = PQexec(conn, "LISTEN TBL2");
if (!res || PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "LISTEN command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/*
* should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid
* memory leaks
*/
PQclear(res);
while (1)
{
/*
* wait a little bit between checks; waiting with select()
* would be more efficient.
*/
sleep(1);
/* collect any asynchronous backend messages */
PQconsumeInput(conn);
/* check for asynchronous notify messages */
while ((notify = PQnotifies(conn)) != NULL)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"ASYNC NOTIFY of '%s' from backend pid '%d' received\n",
notify->relname, notify->be_pid);
free(notify);
}
}
/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
PQfinish(conn);
return 0;
}Example 1-3. libpq Example Program 3
/*
* testlibpq3.c Test the C version of Libpq, the PostgreSQL frontend
* library. tests the binary cursor interface
*
*
*
* populate a database by doing the following:
*
* CREATE TABLE test1 (i int4, d real, p polygon);
*
* INSERT INTO test1 values (1, 3.567, polygon '(3.0, 4.0, 1.0, 2.0)');
*
* INSERT INTO test1 values (2, 89.05, polygon '(4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.0)');
*
* the expected output is:
*
* tuple 0: got i = (4 bytes) 1, d = (4 bytes) 3.567000, p = (4
* bytes) 2 points boundbox = (hi=3.000000/4.000000, lo =
* 1.000000,2.000000) tuple 1: got i = (4 bytes) 2, d = (4 bytes)
* 89.050003, p = (4 bytes) 2 points boundbox =
* (hi=4.000000/3.000000, lo = 2.000000,1.000000)
*
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "libpq-fe.h"
#include "utils/geo_decls.h" /* for the POLYGON type */
void
exit_nicely(PGconn *conn)
{
PQfinish(conn);
exit(1);
}
main()
{
char *pghost,
*pgport,
*pgoptions,
*pgtty;
char *dbName;
int nFields;
int i,
j;
int i_fnum,
d_fnum,
p_fnum;
PGconn *conn;
PGresult *res;
/*
* begin, by setting the parameters for a backend connection if the
* parameters are null, then the system will try to use reasonable
* defaults by looking up environment variables or, failing that,
* using hardwired constants
*/
pghost = NULL; /* host name of the backend server */
pgport = NULL; /* port of the backend server */
pgoptions = NULL; /* special options to start up the backend
* server */
pgtty = NULL; /* debugging tty for the backend server */
dbName = getenv("USER"); /* change this to the name of your test
* database */
/* make a connection to the database */
conn = PQsetdb(pghost, pgport, pgoptions, pgtty, dbName);
/*
* check to see that the backend connection was successfully made
*/
if (PQstatus(conn) == CONNECTION_BAD)
{
fprintf(stderr, "Connection to database '%s' failed.\n", dbName);
fprintf(stderr, "%s", PQerrorMessage(conn));
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/* start a transaction block */
res = PQexec(conn, "BEGIN");
if (!res || PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "BEGIN command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
/*
* should PQclear PGresult whenever it is no longer needed to avoid
* memory leaks
*/
PQclear(res);
/*
* fetch rows from the pg_database, the system catalog of
* databases
*/
res = PQexec(conn, "DECLARE mycursor BINARY CURSOR FOR SELECT * FROM test1");
if (!res || PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_COMMAND_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "DECLARE CURSOR command failed\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
PQclear(res);
res = PQexec(conn, "FETCH ALL in mycursor");
if (!res || PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
{
fprintf(stderr, "FETCH ALL command didn't return tuples properly\n");
PQclear(res);
exit_nicely(conn);
}
i_fnum = PQfnumber(res, "i");
d_fnum = PQfnumber(res, "d");
p_fnum = PQfnumber(res, "p");
for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
printf("type[%d] = %d, size[%d] = %d\n",
i, PQftype(res, i),
i, PQfsize(res, i));
}
for (i = 0; i < PQntuples(res); i++)
{
int *ival;
float *dval;
int plen;
POLYGON *pval;
/* we hard-wire this to the 3 fields we know about */
ival = (int *) PQgetvalue(res, i, i_fnum);
dval = (float *) PQgetvalue(res, i, d_fnum);
plen = PQgetlength(res, i, p_fnum);
/*
* plen doesn't include the length field so need to
* increment by VARHDSZ
*/
pval = (POLYGON *) malloc(plen + VARHDRSZ);
pval->size = plen;
memmove((char *) &pval->npts, PQgetvalue(res, i, p_fnum), plen);
printf("tuple %d: got\n", i);
printf(" i = (%d bytes) %d,\n",
PQgetlength(res, i, i_fnum), *ival);
printf(" d = (%d bytes) %f,\n",
PQgetlength(res, i, d_fnum), *dval);
printf(" p = (%d bytes) %d points \tboundbox = (hi=%f/%f, lo = %f,%f)\n",
PQgetlength(res, i, d_fnum),
pval->npts,
pval->boundbox.xh,
pval->boundbox.yh,
pval->boundbox.xl,
pval->boundbox.yl);
}
PQclear(res);
/* close the cursor */
res = PQexec(conn, "CLOSE mycursor");
PQclear(res);
/* commit the transaction */
res = PQexec(conn, "COMMIT");
PQclear(res);
/* close the connection to the database and cleanup */
PQfinish(conn);
return 0;
}