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MYSQL_TABLE(5) File Formats Manual MYSQL_TABLE(5)

NAME
mysql_table - Postfix MySQL client configuration

SYNOPSIS
postmap -q "string" mysql:/etc/postfix/filename

postmap -q - mysql:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile

DESCRIPTION
The Postfix mail system uses optional tables for address rewriting or mail routing. These
tables are usually in dbm or db format.

Alternatively, lookup tables can be specified as MySQL databases. In order to use MySQL
lookups, define a MySQL source as a lookup table in main.cf, for example:
alias_maps = mysql:/etc/mysql-aliases.cf

The file /etc/postfix/mysql-aliases.cf has the same format as the Postfix main.cf file,
and can specify the parameters described below.

BACKWARDS COMPATIBILITY
For compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables, MySQL parameters can also be defined
in main.cf. In order to do that, specify as MySQL source a name that doesn't begin with a
slash or a dot. The MySQL parameters will then be accessible as the name you've given the
source in its definition, an underscore, and the name of the parameter. For example, if
the map is specified as "mysql:mysqlname", the parameter "hosts" below would be defined in
main.cf as "mysqlname_hosts".

Note: with this form, the passwords for the MySQL sources are written in main.cf, which is
normally world-readable. Support for this form will be removed in a future Postfix ver‐
sion.

Normally, the SQL query is specified via a single query parameter (described in more
detail below). When this parameter is not specified in the map definition, Postfix
reverts to an older interface, with the SQL query constructed from the select_field, ta‐
ble, where_field and additional_conditions parameters. The old interface will be gradu‐
ally phased out. To migrate to the new interface set:

query = SELECT [select_field]
FROM [table]
WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
[additional_conditions]

Insert the value, not the name, of each legacy parameter. Note that the additional_condi‐
tions parameter is optional and if not empty, will always start with AND.

LIST MEMBERSHIP
When using SQL to store lists such as $mynetworks, $mydestination, $relay_domains,
$local_recipient_maps, etc., it is important to understand that the table must store each
list member as a separate key. The table lookup verifies the *existence* of the key. See
"Postfix lists versus tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.

Do NOT create tables that return the full list of domains in $mydestination or
$relay_domains etc., or IP addresses in $mynetworks.

DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with an arbitrary value. With SQL
databases it is not uncommon to return the key itself or a constant value.

MYSQL PARAMETERS
hosts The hosts that Postfix will try to connect to and query from. Specify unix: for
UNIX domain sockets, inet: for TCP connections (default). Example:
hosts = host1.some.domain host2.some.domain:port
hosts = unix:/file/name

The hosts are tried in random order, with all connections over UNIX domain sockets
being tried before those over TCP. The connections are automatically closed after
being idle for about 1 minute, and are re-opened as necessary. Postfix versions 2.0
and earlier do not randomize the host order.

NOTE: if you specify localhost as a hostname (even if you prefix it with inet:),
MySQL will connect to the default UNIX domain socket. In order to instruct MySQL
to connect to localhost over TCP you have to specify
hosts = 127.0.0.1

user, password
The user name and password to log into the mysql server. Example:
user = someone
password = some_password

dbname The database name on the servers. Example:
dbname = customer_database

query The SQL query template used to search the database, where %s is a substitute for
the address Postfix is trying to resolve, e.g.
query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'

This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

%% This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

%s This is replaced by the input key. SQL quoting is used to make sure that
the input key does not add unexpected metacharacters.

%u When the input key is an address of the form user@domain, %u is replaced by
the SQL quoted local part of the address. Otherwise, %u is replaced by the
entire search string. If the localpart is empty, the query is suppressed
and returns no results.

%d When the input key is an address of the form user@domain, %d is replaced by
the SQL quoted domain part of the address. Otherwise, the query is sup‐
pressed and returns no results.

%[SUD] The upper-case equivalents of the above expansions behave in the query
parameter identically to their lower-case counter-parts. With the
result_format parameter (see below), they expand the input key rather than
the result value.

%[1-9] The patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced by the corresponding most signifi‐
cant component of the input key's domain. If the input key is
user AT mail.com, then %1 is com, %2 is example and %3 is mail. If the
input key is unqualified or does not have enough domain components to sat‐
isfy all the specified patterns, the query is suppressed and returns no
results.

The domain parameter described below limits the input keys to addresses in matching
domains. When the domain parameter is non-empty, SQL queries for unqualified
addresses or addresses in non-matching domains are suppressed and return no
results.

This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2. In prior releases the SQL query was
built from the separate parameters: select_field, table, where_field and addi‐
tional_conditions. The mapping from the old parameters to the equivalent query is:

SELECT [select_field]
FROM [table]
WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
[additional_conditions]

The '%s' in the WHERE clause expands to the escaped search string. With Postfix
2.2 these legacy parameters are used if the query parameter is not specified.

NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.

result_format (default: %s)
Format template applied to result attributes. Most commonly used to append (or
prepend) text to the result. This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:

%% This is replaced by a literal '%' character.

%s This is replaced by the value of the result attribute. When result is empty
it is skipped.

%u When the result attribute value is an address of the form user@domain, %u is
replaced by the local part of the address. When the result has an empty
localpart it is skipped.

%d When a result attribute value is an address of the form user@domain, %d is
replaced by the domain part of the attribute value. When the result is
unqualified it is skipped.

%[SUD1-9]
The upper-case and decimal digit expansions interpolate the parts of the
input key rather than the result. Their behavior is identical to that
described with query, and in fact because the input key is known in advance,
queries whose key does not contain all the information specified in the
result template are suppressed and return no results.

For example, using "result_format = smtp:[%s]" allows one to use a mailHost
attribute as the basis of a transport(5) table. After applying the result format,
multiple values are concatenated as comma separated strings. The expansion_limit
and parameter explained below allows one to restrict the number of values in the
result, which is especially useful for maps that must return at most one value.

The default value %s specifies that each result value should be used as is.

This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!

domain (default: no domain list)
This is a list of domain names, paths to files, or dictionaries. When specified,
only fully qualified search keys with a *non-empty* localpart and a matching domain
are eligible for lookup: 'user' lookups, bare domain lookups and "@domain" lookups
are not performed. This can significantly reduce the query load on the MySQL
server.
domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains

It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eligible for SQL lookups.

This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.

NOTE: DO NOT define this parameter for local(8) aliases, because the input keys are
always unqualified.

expansion_limit (default: 0)
A limit on the total number of result elements returned (as a comma separated list)
by a lookup against the map. A setting of zero disables the limit. Lookups fail
with a temporary error if the limit is exceeded. Setting the limit to 1 ensures
that lookups do not return multiple values.

option_file
Read options from the given file instead of the default my.cnf location.