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mysqldump(1) - phpMan

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MYSQLDUMP(1)                          MySQL Database System                          MYSQLDUMP(1)



NAME
       mysqldump - a database backup program

SYNOPSIS
       mysqldump [options] [db_name [tbl_name ...]]

DESCRIPTION
       ·   Performance and Scalability Considerations

       ·   Invocation Syntax

       ·   Option Syntax - Alphabetical Summary

       The mysqldump client utility performs logical backups, producing a set of SQL statements
       that can be executed to reproduce the original database object definitions and table data.
       It dumps one or more MySQL databases for backup or transfer to another SQL server. The
       mysqldump command can also generate output in CSV, other delimited text, or XML format.

       mysqldump requires at least the SELECT privilege for dumped tables, SHOW VIEW for dumped
       views, TRIGGER for dumped triggers, and LOCK TABLES if the --single-transaction option is
       not used. Certain options might require other privileges as noted in the option
       descriptions.

       To reload a dump file, you must have the privileges required to execute the statements
       that it contains, such as the appropriate CREATE privileges for objects created by those
       statements.

       mysqldump output can include ALTER DATABASE statements that change the database collation.
       These may be used when dumping stored programs to preserve their character encodings. To
       reload a dump file containing such statements, the ALTER privilege for the affected
       database is required.

       If you are performing a backup on the server and your tables all are MyISAM tables, you
       can also use mysqlhotcopy for this purpose.

           Note
           A dump made using PowerShell on Windows with output redirection creates a file that
           has UTF-16 encoding:

               shell> mysqldump [options] > dump.sql

           However, UTF-16 is not permitted as a connection character set (see Section 10.4,
           “Connection Character Sets and Collations”), so the dump file will not load correctly.
           To work around this issue, use the --result-file option, which creates the output in
           ASCII format:

               shell> mysqldump [options] --result-file=dump.sql
       Performance and Scalability Considerations.PP mysqldump advantages include the convenience
       and flexibility of viewing or even editing the output before restoring. You can clone
       databases for development and DBA work, or produce slight variations of an existing
       database for testing. It is not intended as a fast or scalable solution for backing up
       substantial amounts of data. With large data sizes, even if the backup step takes a
       reasonable time, restoring the data can be very slow because replaying the SQL statements
       involves disk I/O for insertion, index creation, and so on.

       For large-scale backup and restore, a physical backup is more appropriate, to copy the
       data files in their original format that can be restored quickly:

       ·   If your tables are primarily InnoDB tables, or if you have a mix of InnoDB and MyISAM
           tables, consider using the mysqlbackup command of the MySQL Enterprise Backup product.
           (Available as part of the Enterprise subscription.) It provides the best performance
           for InnoDB backups with minimal disruption; it can also back up tables from MyISAM and
           other storage engines; and it provides a number of convenient options to accommodate
           different backup scenarios. See Section 25.2, “MySQL Enterprise Backup Overview”.

       ·   If your tables are primarily MyISAM tables, consider using the mysqlhotcopy instead,
           for better performance than mysqldump of backup and restore operations. See
           mysqlhotcopy(1).

       mysqldump can retrieve and dump table contents row by row, or it can retrieve the entire
       content from a table and buffer it in memory before dumping it. Buffering in memory can be
       a problem if you are dumping large tables. To dump tables row by row, use the --quick
       option (or --opt, which enables --quick). The --opt option (and hence --quick) is enabled
       by default, so to enable memory buffering, use --skip-quick.

       If you are using a recent version of mysqldump to generate a dump to be reloaded into a
       very old MySQL server, use the --skip-opt option instead of the --opt or --extended-insert
       option.

       For additional information about mysqldump, see Section 7.4, “Using mysqldump for
       Backups”.  Invocation Syntax.PP There are in general three ways to use mysqldump—in order
       to dump a set of one or more tables, a set of one or more complete databases, or an entire
       MySQL server—as shown here:

           shell> mysqldump [options] db_name [tbl_name ...]
           shell> mysqldump [options] --databases db_name ...
           shell> mysqldump [options] --all-databases

       To dump entire databases, do not name any tables following db_name, or use the --databases
       or --all-databases option.

       mysqldump does not dump the INFORMATION_SCHEMA or performance_schema database by default.
       To dump either of these, name it explicitly on the command line and also use the
       --skip-lock-tables option. You can also name them with the --databases option. Before
       MySQL 5.5 mysqldump silently ignores INFORMATION_SCHEMA even if you name it explicitly on
       the command line.

       mysqldump does not dump the performance_schema database.

       Before MySQL 5.5.25, mysqldump does not dump the general_log or slow_query_log tables for
       dumps of the mysql database. As of 5.5.25, the dump includes statements to recreate those
       tables so that they are not missing after reloading the dump file. Log table contents are
       not dumped.

       mysqldump also does not dump the NDB Cluster ndbinfo information database.

       To see a list of the options your version of mysqldump supports, execute mysqldump --help.

       Some mysqldump options are shorthand for groups of other options:

       ·   Use of --opt is the same as specifying --add-drop-table, --add-locks,
           --create-options, --disable-keys, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --quick, and
           --set-charset. All of the options that --opt stands for also are on by default because
           --opt is on by default.

       ·   Use of --compact is the same as specifying --skip-add-drop-table, --skip-add-locks,
           --skip-comments, --skip-disable-keys, and --skip-set-charset options.

       To reverse the effect of a group option, uses its --skip-xxx form (--skip-opt or
       --skip-compact). It is also possible to select only part of the effect of a group option
       by following it with options that enable or disable specific features. Here are some
       examples:

       ·   To select the effect of --opt except for some features, use the --skip option for each
           feature. To disable extended inserts and memory buffering, use --opt
           --skip-extended-insert --skip-quick. (Actually, --skip-extended-insert --skip-quick is
           sufficient because --opt is on by default.)

       ·   To reverse --opt for all features except index disabling and table locking, use
           --skip-opt --disable-keys --lock-tables.

       When you selectively enable or disable the effect of a group option, order is important
       because options are processed first to last. For example, --disable-keys --lock-tables
       --skip-opt would not have the intended effect; it is the same as --skip-opt by itself.

       mysqldump can retrieve and dump table contents row by row, or it can retrieve the entire
       content from a table and buffer it in memory before dumping it. Buffering in memory can be
       a problem if you are dumping large tables. To dump tables row by row, use the --quick
       option (or --opt, which enables --quick). The --opt option (and hence --quick) is enabled
       by default, so to enable memory buffering, use --skip-quick.

       If you are using a recent version of mysqldump to generate a dump to be reloaded into a
       very old MySQL server, you should not use the --opt or --extended-insert option. Use
       --skip-opt instead.

       For additional information about mysqldump, see Section 7.4, “Using mysqldump for
       Backups”.  Option Syntax - Alphabetical Summary.PP mysqldump supports the following
       options, which can be specified on the command line or in the [mysqldump] and [client]
       groups of an option file. For information about option files used by MySQL programs, see
       Section 4.2.6, “Using Option Files”.

       ·   --help, -?

           Display a help message and exit.

       ·   --add-drop-database

           Write a DROP DATABASE statement before each CREATE DATABASE statement. This option is
           typically used in conjunction with the --all-databases or --databases option because
           no CREATE DATABASE statements are written unless one of those options is specified.

       ·   --add-drop-table

           Write a DROP TABLE statement before each CREATE TABLE statement.

       ·   --add-drop-trigger

           Write a DROP TRIGGER statement before each CREATE TRIGGER statement.

               Note
               This option is supported only by mysqldump as supplied with NDB Cluster. It is not
               available when using MySQL Server 5.5.

       ·   --add-locks

           Surround each table dump with LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES statements. This results
           in faster inserts when the dump file is reloaded. See Section 8.2.4.1, “Optimizing
           INSERT Statements”.

       ·   --all-databases, -A

           Dump all tables in all databases. This is the same as using the --databases option and
           naming all the databases on the command line.

       ·   --all-tablespaces, -Y

           Adds to a table dump all SQL statements needed to create any tablespaces used by an
           NDBCLUSTER table. This information is not otherwise included in the output from
           mysqldump. This option is currently relevant only to NDB Cluster tables.

       ·   --allow-keywords

           Permit creation of column names that are keywords. This works by prefixing each column
           name with the table name.

       ·   --apply-slave-statements

           For a slave dump produced with the --dump-slave option, add a STOP SLAVE statement
           before the CHANGE MASTER TO statement and a START SLAVE statement at the end of the
           output. This option was added in MySQL 5.5.3.

       ·   --bind-address=ip_address

           On a computer having multiple network interfaces, use this option to select which
           interface to use for connecting to the MySQL server.

           This option is supported only in the version of mysqldump that is supplied with NDB
           Cluster. It is not available in standard MySQL Server 5.5 releases.

       ·   --character-sets-dir=dir_name

           The directory where character sets are installed. See Section 10.14, “Character Set
           Configuration”.

       ·   --comments, -i

           Write additional information in the dump file such as program version, server version,
           and host. This option is enabled by default. To suppress this additional information,
           use --skip-comments.

       ·   --compact

           Produce more compact output. This option enables the --skip-add-drop-table,
           --skip-add-locks, --skip-comments, --skip-disable-keys, and --skip-set-charset
           options.

       ·   --compatible=name

           Produce output that is more compatible with other database systems or with older MySQL
           servers. The value of name can be ansi, mysql323, mysql40, postgresql, oracle, mssql,
           db2, maxdb, no_key_options, no_table_options, or no_field_options. To use several
           values, separate them by commas. These values have the same meaning as the
           corresponding options for setting the server SQL mode. See Section 5.1.8, “Server SQL
           Modes”.

           This option does not guarantee compatibility with other servers. It only enables those
           SQL mode values that are currently available for making dump output more compatible.
           For example, --compatible=oracle does not map data types to Oracle types or use Oracle
           comment syntax.

           This option requires a server version of 4.1.0 or higher. With older servers, it does
           nothing.

       ·   --complete-insert, -c

           Use complete INSERT statements that include column names.

       ·   --compress, -C

           Compress all information sent between the client and the server if both support
           compression.

       ·   --create-options

           Include all MySQL-specific table options in the CREATE TABLE statements.

       ·   --databases, -B

           Dump several databases. Normally, mysqldump treats the first name argument on the
           command line as a database name and following names as table names. With this option,
           it treats all name arguments as database names.  CREATE DATABASE and USE statements
           are included in the output before each new database.

           This option may be used to dump the INFORMATION_SCHEMA and performace_schema
           databases, which normally are not dumped even with the --all-databases option. (Also
           use the --skip-lock-tables option.)

       ·   --debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options]

           Write a debugging log. A typical debug_options string is d:t:o,file_name. The default
           value is d:t:o,/tmp/mysqldump.trace.

       ·   --debug-check

           Print some debugging information when the program exits.

       ·   --debug-info

           Print debugging information and memory and CPU usage statistics when the program
           exits.

       ·   --default-auth=plugin

           A hint about the client-side authentication plugin to use. See Section 6.3.6,
           “Pluggable Authentication”.

           This option was added in MySQL 5.5.9.

       ·   --default-character-set=charset_name

           Use charset_name as the default character set. See Section 10.14, “Character Set
           Configuration”. If no character set is specified, mysqldump uses utf8.

       ·   --defaults-extra-file=file_name

           Read this option file after the global option file but (on Unix) before the user
           option file. If the file does not exist or is otherwise inaccessible, an error occurs.
           Before MySQL 5.5.8, file_name must be the full path name to the file. As of MySQL
           5.5.8, the name is interpreted relative to the current directory if given as a
           relative path name.

       ·   --defaults-file=file_name

           Use only the given option file. If the file does not exist or is otherwise
           inaccessible, an error occurs. Before MySQL 5.5.8, file_name must be the full path
           name to the file. As of MySQL 5.5.8, the name is interpreted relative to the current
           directory if given as a relative path name.

       ·   --defaults-group-suffix=str

           Read not only the usual option groups, but also groups with the usual names and a
           suffix of str. For example, mysqldump normally reads the [client] and [mysqldump]
           groups. If the --defaults-group-suffix=_other option is given, mysqldump also reads
           the [client_other] and [mysqldump_other] groups.

       ·   --delayed-insert

           Write INSERT DELAYED statements rather than INSERT statements.

       ·   --delete-master-logs

           On a master replication server, delete the binary logs by sending a PURGE BINARY LOGS
           statement to the server after performing the dump operation. This option automatically
           enables --master-data.

       ·   --disable-keys, -K

           For each table, surround the INSERT statements with /*!40000 ALTER TABLE tbl_name
           DISABLE KEYS */; and /*!40000 ALTER TABLE tbl_name ENABLE KEYS */; statements. This
           makes loading the dump file faster because the indexes are created after all rows are
           inserted. This option is effective only for nonunique indexes of MyISAM tables. It has
           no effect for other tables.

       ·   --dump-date

           If the --comments option is given, mysqldump produces a comment at the end of the dump
           of the following form:

               -- Dump completed on DATE

           However, the date causes dump files taken at different times to appear to be
           different, even if the data are otherwise identical.  --dump-date and --skip-dump-date
           control whether the date is added to the comment. The default is --dump-date (include
           the date in the comment).  --skip-dump-date suppresses date printing.

       ·   --dump-slave[=value]

           This option is similar to --master-data except that it is used to dump a replication
           slave server to produce a dump file that can be used to set up another server as a
           slave that has the same master as the dumped server. It causes the dump output to
           include a CHANGE MASTER TO statement that indicates the binary log coordinates (file
           name and position) of the dumped slave's master. These are the master server
           coordinates from which the slave should start replicating.

           --dump-slave causes the coordinates from the master to be used rather than those of
           the dumped server, as is done by the --master-data option. In addition, specfiying
           this option causes the --master-data option to be overridden, if used, and effectively
           ignored.

           The option value is handled the same way as for --master-data (setting no value or 1
           causes a CHANGE MASTER TO statement to be written to the dump, setting 2 causes the
           statement to be written but encased in SQL comments) and has the same effect as
           --master-data in terms of enabling or disabling other options and in how locking is
           handled.

           This option causes mysqldump to stop the slave SQL thread before the dump and restart
           it again after.

           In conjunction with --dump-slave, the --apply-slave-statements and
           --include-master-host-port options can also be used.

           This option was added in MySQL 5.5.3.

       ·   --events, -E

           Include Event Scheduler events for the dumped databases in the output. This option
           requires the EVENT privileges for those databases.

       ·   --extended-insert, -e

           Write INSERT statements using multiple-row syntax that includes several VALUES lists.
           This results in a smaller dump file and speeds up inserts when the file is reloaded.

       ·   --fields-terminated-by=..., --fields-enclosed-by=...,
           --fields-optionally-enclosed-by=..., --fields-escaped-by=...

           These options are used with the --tab option and have the same meaning as the
           corresponding FIELDS clauses for LOAD DATA INFILE. See Section 13.2.6, “LOAD DATA
           INFILE Syntax”.

       ·   --first-slave

           Deprecated. Use --lock-all-tables instead.  --first-slave was removed in MySQL 5.5.3.

       ·   --flush-logs, -F

           Flush the MySQL server log files before starting the dump. This option requires the
           RELOAD privilege. If you use this option in combination with the --all-databases
           option, the logs are flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when using
           --lock-all-tables, --master-data, or (as of MySQL 5.5.21) --single-transaction: In
           this case, the logs are flushed only once, corresponding to the moment that all tables
           are locked by FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK. If you want your dump and the log flush to
           happen at exactly the same moment, you should use --flush-logs together with
           --lock-all-tables, --master-data, or --single-transaction.

       ·   --flush-privileges

           Add a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement to the dump output after dumping the mysql database.
           This option should be used any time the dump contains the mysql database and any other
           database that depends on the data in the mysql database for proper restoration.

       ·   --force, -f

           Continue even if an SQL error occurs during a table dump.

           One use for this option is to cause mysqldump to continue executing even when it
           encounters a view that has become invalid because the definition refers to a table
           that has been dropped. Without --force, mysqldump exits with an error message. With
           --force, mysqldump prints the error message, but it also writes an SQL comment
           containing the view definition to the dump output and continues executing.

       ·   --enable-cleartext-plugin

           Enable the mysql_clear_password cleartext authentication plugin. (See Section 6.5.1.3,
           “Client-Side Cleartext Pluggable Authentication”.)

           This option was added in MySQL 5.5.47.

       ·   --host=host_name, -h host_name

           Dump data from the MySQL server on the given host. The default host is localhost.

       ·   --hex-blob

           Dump binary columns using hexadecimal notation (for example, 'abc' becomes 0x616263).
           The affected data types are BINARY, VARBINARY, the BLOB types, and BIT.

       ·   --include-master-host-port

           For the CHANGE MASTER TO statement in a slave dump produced with the --dump-slave
           option, add MASTER_HOST and MASTER_PORT options for the host name and TCP/IP port
           number of the slave's master. This option was added in MySQL 5.5.3.

       ·   --ignore-table=db_name.tbl_name

           Do not dump the given table, which must be specified using both the database and table
           names. To ignore multiple tables, use this option multiple times. This option also can
           be used to ignore views.

       ·   --insert-ignore

           Write INSERT IGNORE statements rather than INSERT statements.

       ·   --lines-terminated-by=...

           This option is used with the --tab option and has the same meaning as the
           corresponding LINES clause for LOAD DATA INFILE. See Section 13.2.6, “LOAD DATA INFILE
           Syntax”.

       ·   --lock-all-tables, -x

           Lock all tables across all databases. This is achieved by acquiring a global read lock
           for the duration of the whole dump. This option automatically turns off
           --single-transaction and --lock-tables.

       ·   --lock-tables, -l

           For each dumped database, lock all tables to be dumped before dumping them. The tables
           are locked with READ LOCAL to permit concurrent inserts in the case of MyISAM tables.
           For transactional tables such as InnoDB, --single-transaction is a much better option
           than --lock-tables because it does not need to lock the tables at all.

           Because --lock-tables locks tables for each database separately, this option does not
           guarantee that the tables in the dump file are logically consistent between databases.
           Tables in different databases may be dumped in completely different states.

           Some options, such as --opt, automatically enable --lock-tables. If you want to
           override this, use --skip-lock-tables at the end of the option list.

       ·   --log-error=file_name

           Log warnings and errors by appending them to the named file. The default is to do no
           logging.

       ·   --master-data[=value]

           Use this option to dump a master replication server to produce a dump file that can be
           used to set up another server as a slave of the master. It causes the dump output to
           include a CHANGE MASTER TO statement that indicates the binary log coordinates (file
           name and position) of the dumped server. These are the master server coordinates from
           which the slave should start replicating after you load the dump file into the slave.

           If the option value is 2, the CHANGE MASTER TO statement is written as an SQL comment,
           and thus is informative only; it has no effect when the dump file is reloaded. If the
           option value is 1, the statement is not written as a comment and takes effect when the
           dump file is reloaded. If no option value is specified, the default value is 1.

           This option requires the RELOAD privilege and the binary log must be enabled.

           The --master-data option automatically turns off --lock-tables. It also turns on
           --lock-all-tables, unless --single-transaction also is specified, in which case, a
           global read lock is acquired only for a short time at the beginning of the dump (see
           the description for --single-transaction). In all cases, any action on logs happens at
           the exact moment of the dump.

           It is also possible to set up a slave by dumping an existing slave of the master. In
           MySQL 5.5.3 and higher, you can create such a dump using the --dump-slave option,
           which overrides --master-data and causes it to be ignored if both options are used.

           Before MySQL 5.5.3, use the following procedure on the existing slave:

            1. Stop the slave's SQL thread and get its current status:

                   mysql> STOP SLAVE SQL_THREAD;
                   mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS;

            2. From the output of the SHOW SLAVE STATUS statement, the binary log coordinates of
               the master server from which the new slave should start replicating are the values
               of the Relay_Master_Log_File and Exec_Master_Log_Pos fields. Denote those values
               as file_name and file_pos.

            3. Dump the slave server:

                   shell> mysqldump --master-data=2 --all-databases > dumpfile

               Using --master-data=2 works only if binary logging has been enabled on the slave.
               Otherwise, mysqldump fails with the error Binlogging on server not active. In this
               case you must handle any locking issues in another manner, using one or more of
               --add-locks, --lock-tables, --lock-all-tables, or --single-transaction, as
               required by your application and environment.

            4. Restart the slave:

                   mysql> START SLAVE;

            5. On the new slave, load the dump file:

                   shell> mysql < dumpfile

            6. On the new slave, set the replication coordinates to those of the master server
               obtained earlier:

                   mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
                       -> MASTER_LOG_FILE = 'file_name', MASTER_LOG_POS = file_pos;

               The CHANGE MASTER TO statement might also need other parameters, such as
               MASTER_HOST to point the slave to the correct master server host. Add any such
               parameters as necessary.

       ·   --no-autocommit

           Enclose the INSERT statements for each dumped table within SET autocommit = 0 and
           COMMIT statements.

       ·   --no-create-db, -n

           Suppress the CREATE DATABASE statements that are otherwise included in the output if
           the --databases or --all-databases option is given.

       ·   --no-create-info, -t

           Do not write CREATE TABLE statements that create each dumped table.

               Note
               This option does not exclude statements creating log file groups or tablespaces
               from mysqldump output; however, you can use the --no-tablespaces option for this
               purpose.

       ·   --no-data, -d

           Do not write any table row information (that is, do not dump table contents). This is
           useful if you want to dump only the CREATE TABLE statement for the table (for example,
           to create an empty copy of the table by loading the dump file).

       ·   --no-defaults

           Do not read any option files. If program startup fails due to reading unknown options
           from an option file, --no-defaults can be used to prevent them from being read.

       ·   --no-set-names, -N

           This has the same effect as --skip-set-charset.

       ·   --no-tablespaces, -y

           This option suppresses all CREATE LOGFILE GROUP and CREATE TABLESPACE statements in
           the output of mysqldump.

       ·   --opt

           This option is shorthand. It is the same as specifying --add-drop-table --add-locks
           --create-options --disable-keys --extended-insert --lock-tables --quick --set-charset.
           It should give you a fast dump operation and produce a dump file that can be reloaded
           into a MySQL server quickly.

           The --opt option is enabled by default. Use --skip-opt to disable it.  See the
           discussion at the beginning of this section for information about selectively enabling
           or disabling a subset of the options affected by --opt.

       ·   --order-by-primary

           Dump each table's rows sorted by its primary key, or by its first unique index, if
           such an index exists. This is useful when dumping a MyISAM table to be loaded into an
           InnoDB table, but will make the dump operation take considerably longer.

       ·   --password[=password], -p[password]

           The password to use when connecting to the server. If you use the short option form
           (-p), you cannot have a space between the option and the password. If you omit the
           password value following the --password or -p option on the command line, mysqldump
           prompts for one.

           Specifying a password on the command line should be considered insecure. See
           Section 6.1.2.1, “End-User Guidelines for Password Security”. You can use an option
           file to avoid giving the password on the command line.

       ·   --pipe, -W

           On Windows, connect to the server using a named pipe. This option applies only if the
           server supports named-pipe connections.

       ·   --plugin-dir=dir_name

           The directory in which to look for plugins. Specify this option if the --default-auth
           option is used to specify an authentication plugin but mysqldump does not find it. See
           Section 6.3.6, “Pluggable Authentication”.

           This option was added in MySQL 5.5.9.

       ·   --port=port_num, -P port_num

           The TCP/IP port number to use for the connection.

       ·   --print-defaults

           Print the program name and all options that it gets from option files.

       ·   --protocol={TCP|SOCKET|PIPE|MEMORY}

           The connection protocol to use for connecting to the server. It is useful when the
           other connection parameters normally would cause a protocol to be used other than the
           one you want. For details on the permissible values, see Section 4.2.2, “Connecting to
           the MySQL Server”.

       ·   --quick, -q

           This option is useful for dumping large tables. It forces mysqldump to retrieve rows
           for a table from the server a row at a time rather than retrieving the entire row set
           and buffering it in memory before writing it out.

       ·   --quote-names, -Q

           Quote identifiers (such as database, table, and column names) within ` characters. If
           the ANSI_QUOTES SQL mode is enabled, identifiers are quoted within " characters. This
           option is enabled by default. It can be disabled with --skip-quote-names, but this
           option should be given after any option such as --compatible that may enable
           --quote-names.

       ·   --replace

           Write REPLACE statements rather than INSERT statements.

       ·   --result-file=file_name, -r file_name

           Direct output to the named file. The result file is created and its previous contents
           overwritten, even if an error occurs while generating the dump.

           This option should be used on Windows to prevent newline \n characters from being
           converted to \r\n carriage return/newline sequences.

       ·   --routines, -R

           Include stored routines (procedures and functions) for the dumped databases in the
           output. This option requires the SELECT privilege for the mysql.proc table.

           The output generated by using --routines contains CREATE PROCEDURE and CREATE FUNCTION
           statements to create the routines. However, these statements do not include attributes
           such as the routine creation and modification timestamps, so when the routines are
           reloaded, they are created with timestamps equal to the reload time.

           If you require routines to be created with their original timestamp attributes, do not
           use --routines. Instead, dump and reload the contents of the mysql.proc table
           directly, using a MySQL account that has appropriate privileges for the mysql
           database.

           Prior to MySQL 5.5.21, this option had no effect when used together with the --xml
           option. (Bug #11760384, Bug #52792)

       ·   --set-charset

           Write SET NAMES default_character_set to the output. This option is enabled by
           default. To suppress the SET NAMES statement, use --skip-set-charset.

       ·   --shared-memory-base-name=name

           On Windows, the shared-memory name to use, for connections made using shared memory to
           a local server. The default value is MYSQL. The shared-memory name is case-sensitive.

           The server must be started with the --shared-memory option to enable shared-memory
           connections.

       ·   --single-transaction

           This option sets the transaction isolation mode to REPEATABLE READ and sends a START
           TRANSACTION SQL statement to the server before dumping data. It is useful only with
           transactional tables such as InnoDB, because then it dumps the consistent state of the
           database at the time when START TRANSACTION was issued without blocking any
           applications.

           When using this option, you should keep in mind that only InnoDB tables are dumped in
           a consistent state. For example, any MyISAM or MEMORY tables dumped while using this
           option may still change state.

           While a --single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a valid dump file (correct
           table contents and binary log coordinates), no other connection should use the
           following statements: ALTER TABLE, CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE
           TABLE. A consistent read is not isolated from those statements, so use of them on a
           table to be dumped can cause the SELECT that is performed by mysqldump to retrieve the
           table contents to obtain incorrect contents or fail.

           The --single-transaction option and the --lock-tables option are mutually exclusive
           because LOCK TABLES causes any pending transactions to be committed implicitly.

           This option is not supported for NDB Cluster tables; the results cannot be guaranteed
           to be consistent due to the fact that the NDBCLUSTER storage engine supports only the
           READ_COMMITTED transaction isolation level. You should always use NDB backup and
           restore instead.

           To dump large tables, combine the --single-transaction option with the --quick option.

       ·   --skip-comments

           See the description for the --comments option.

       ·   --skip-opt

           See the description for the --opt option.

       ·   --socket=path, -S path

           For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use, or, on Windows, the name of
           the named pipe to use.

       ·   --ssl*

           Options that begin with --ssl specify whether to connect to the server using SSL and
           indicate where to find SSL keys and certificates. See Section 6.4.2, “Command Options
           for Encrypted Connections”.

       ·   --tab=dir_name, -T dir_name

           Produce tab-separated text-format data files. For each dumped table, mysqldump creates
           a tbl_name.sql file that contains the CREATE TABLE statement that creates the table,
           and the server writes a tbl_name.txt file that contains its data. The option value is
           the directory in which to write the files.

               Note
               This option should be used only when mysqldump is run on the same machine as the
               mysqld server. Because the server creates *.txt files in the directory that you
               specify, the directory must be writable by the server and the MySQL account that
               you use must have the FILE privilege. Because mysqldump creates *.sql in the same
               directory, it must be writable by your system login account.
           By default, the .txt data files are formatted using tab characters between column
           values and a newline at the end of each line. The format can be specified explicitly
           using the --fields-xxx and --lines-terminated-by options.

           Column values are converted to the character set specified by the
           --default-character-set option.

       ·   --tables

           Override the --databases or -B option.  mysqldump regards all name arguments following
           the option as table names.

       ·   --triggers

           Include triggers for each dumped table in the output. This option is enabled by
           default; disable it with --skip-triggers.

           To be able to dump a table's triggers, you must have the TRIGGER privilege for the
           table.

       ·   --tz-utc

           This option enables TIMESTAMP columns to be dumped and reloaded between servers in
           different time zones.  mysqldump sets its connection time zone to UTC and adds SET
           TIME_ZONE='+00:00' to the dump file. Without this option, TIMESTAMP columns are dumped
           and reloaded in the time zones local to the source and destination servers, which can
           cause the values to change if the servers are in different time zones.  --tz-utc also
           protects against changes due to daylight saving time.  --tz-utc is enabled by default.
           To disable it, use --skip-tz-utc.

       ·   --user=user_name, -u user_name

           The MySQL user name to use when connecting to the server.

       ·   --verbose, -v

           Verbose mode. Print more information about what the program does.

       ·   --version, -V

           Display version information and exit.

       ·   --where='where_condition', -w 'where_condition'

           Dump only rows selected by the given WHERE condition. Quotes around the condition are
           mandatory if it contains spaces or other characters that are special to your command
           interpreter.

           Examples:

               --where="user='jimf'"
               -w"userid>1"
               -w"userid<1"

       ·   --xml, -X

           Write dump output as well-formed XML.

           NULL, 'NULL', and Empty Values: For a column named column_name, the NULL value, an
           empty string, and the string value 'NULL' are distinguished from one another in the
           output generated by this option as follows.

           ┌──────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────┐
           │Value:                │ XML Representation:             │
           ├──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
           │NULL (unknown value)  │ <field name="column_name"       │
           │                      │ xsi:nil="true" />               │
           ├──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
           │'' (empty string)     │ <field                          │
           │                      │ name="column_name"></field>     │
           ├──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────┤
           │'NULL' (string value) │ <field                          │
           │                      │ name="column_name">NULL</field> │
           └──────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────┘
           The output from the mysql client when run using the --xml option also follows the
           preceding rules. (See the section called “MYSQL OPTIONS”.)

           XML output from mysqldump includes the XML namespace, as shown here:

               shell> mysqldump --xml -u root world City
               <?xml version="1.0"?>
               <mysqldump xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
               <database name="world">
               <table_structure name="City">
               <field Field="ID" Type="int(11)" Null="NO" Key="PRI" Extra="auto_increment" />
               <field Field="Name" Type="char(35)" Null="NO" Key="" Default="" Extra="" />
               <field Field="CountryCode" Type="char(3)" Null="NO" Key="" Default="" Extra="" />
               <field Field="District" Type="char(20)" Null="NO" Key="" Default="" Extra="" />
               <field Field="Population" Type="int(11)" Null="NO" Key="" Default="0" Extra="" />
               <key Table="City" Non_unique="0" Key_name="PRIMARY" Seq_in_index="1" Column_name="ID"
               Collation="A" Cardinality="4079" Null="" Index_type="BTREE" Comment="" />
               <options Name="City" Engine="MyISAM" Version="10" Row_format="Fixed" Rows="4079"
               Avg_row_length="67" Data_length="273293" Max_data_length="18858823439613951"
               Index_length="43008" Data_free="0" Auto_increment="4080"
               Create_time="2007-03-31 01:47:01" Update_time="2007-03-31 01:47:02"
               Collation="latin1_swedish_ci" Create_options="" Comment="" />
               </table_structure>
               <table_data name="City">
               <row>
               <field name="ID">1</field>
               <field name="Name">Kabul</field>
               <field name="CountryCode">AFG</field>
               <field name="District">Kabol</field>
               <field name="Population">1780000</field>
               </row>
               ...
               <row>
               <field name="ID">4079</field>
               <field name="Name">Rafah</field>
               <field name="CountryCode">PSE</field>
               <field name="District">Rafah</field>
               <field name="Population">92020</field>
               </row>
               </table_data>
               </database>
               </mysqldump>

           Prior to MySQL 5.5.21, this option prevented the --routines option from working
           correctly—that is, no stored routines, triggers, or events could be dumped in XML
           format. (Bug #11760384, Bug #52792)

       You can also set the following variables by using --var_name=value syntax:

       ·   max_allowed_packet

           The maximum size of the buffer for client/server communication. The default is 24MB,
           the maximum is 1GB.

       ·   net_buffer_length

           The initial size of the buffer for client/server communication. When creating
           multiple-row INSERT statements (as with the --extended-insert or --opt option),
           mysqldump creates rows up to net_buffer_length bytes long. If you increase this
           variable, ensure that the MySQL server net_buffer_length system variable has a value
           at least this large.

       A common use of mysqldump is for making a backup of an entire database:

           shell> mysqldump db_name > backup-file.sql

       You can load the dump file back into the server like this:

           shell> mysql db_name < backup-file.sql

       Or like this:

           shell> mysql -e "source /path-to-backup/backup-file.sql" db_name

       mysqldump is also very useful for populating databases by copying data from one MySQL
       server to another:

           shell> mysqldump --opt db_name | mysql --host=remote_host -C db_name

       It is possible to dump several databases with one command:

           shell> mysqldump --databases db_name1 [db_name2 ...] > my_databases.sql

       To dump all databases, use the --all-databases option:

           shell> mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases.sql

       For InnoDB tables, mysqldump provides a way of making an online backup:

           shell> mysqldump --all-databases --master-data --single-transaction > all_databases.sql

       This backup acquires a global read lock on all tables (using FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK)
       at the beginning of the dump. As soon as this lock has been acquired, the binary log
       coordinates are read and the lock is released. If long updating statements are running
       when the FLUSH statement is issued, the MySQL server may get stalled until those
       statements finish. After that, the dump becomes lock free and does not disturb reads and
       writes on the tables. If the update statements that the MySQL server receives are short
       (in terms of execution time), the initial lock period should not be noticeable, even with
       many updates.

       For point-in-time recovery (also known as “roll-forward,” when you need to restore an old
       backup and replay the changes that happened since that backup), it is often useful to
       rotate the binary log (see Section 5.4.4, “The Binary Log”) or at least know the binary
       log coordinates to which the dump corresponds:

           shell> mysqldump --all-databases --master-data=2 > all_databases.sql

       Or:

           shell> mysqldump --all-databases --flush-logs --master-data=2
                         > all_databases.sql

       The --master-data and --single-transaction options can be used simultaneously, which
       provides a convenient way to make an online backup suitable for use prior to point-in-time
       recovery if tables are stored using the InnoDB storage engine.

       For more information on making backups, see Section 7.2, “Database Backup Methods”, and
       Section 7.3, “Example Backup and Recovery Strategy”.

       If you encounter problems backing up views, please read the section that covers
       restrictions on views which describes a workaround for backing up views when this fails
       due to insufficient privileges. See Section C.5, “Restrictions on Views”.

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright © 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

       This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it only under
       the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation;
       version 2 of the License.

       This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
       WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
       PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

       You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with the program;
       if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor,
       Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA or see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/.


SEE ALSO
       For more information, please refer to the MySQL Reference Manual, which may already be
       installed locally and which is also available online at http://dev.mysql.com/doc/.

AUTHOR
       Oracle Corporation (http://dev.mysql.com/).



MySQL 5.5                                   02/25/2018                               MYSQLDUMP(1)


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