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sar(1) - phpMan
SAR(1) Linux User's Manual SAR(1)
NAME
sar - Collect, report, or save system activity information.
SYNOPSIS
sar [ -A ] [ -B ] [ -b ] [ -C ] [ -D ] [ -d ] [ -F ] [ -H ] [ -h ] [ -p ] [ -q ] [ -R ] [
-r ] [ -S ] [ -t ] [ -u [ ALL ] ] [ -V ] [ -v ] [ -W ] [ -w ] [ -y ] [ -I { int [,...] |
SUM | ALL | XALL } ] [ -P { cpu [,...] | ALL } ] [ -m { keyword [,...] | ALL } ] [ -n {
keyword [,...] | ALL } ] [ -j { ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } ] [ -f [ filename ] | -o
[ filename ] | -[0-9]+ ] [ -i interval ] [ -s [ hh:mm:ss ] ] [ -e [ hh:mm:ss ] ] [ inter‐
val [ count ] ]
DESCRIPTION
The sar command writes to standard output the contents of selected cumulative activity
counters in the operating system. The accounting system, based on the values in the count
and interval parameters, writes information the specified number of times spaced at the
specified intervals in seconds. If the interval parameter is set to zero, the sar command
displays the average statistics for the time since the system was started. If the interval
parameter is specified without the count parameter, then reports are generated continu‐
ously. The collected data can also be saved in the file specified by the -o filename
flag, in addition to being displayed onto the screen. If filename is omitted, sar uses the
standard system activity daily data file (see below). By default all the data available
from the kernel are saved in the data file.
The sar command extracts and writes to standard output records previously saved in a file.
This file can be either the one specified by the -f flag or, by default, the standard sys‐
tem activity daily data file. It is also possible to enter -1, -2 etc. as an argument to
sar to display data of that days ago. For example, -1 will point at the standard system
activity file of yesterday.
Standard system activity daily data files are named saDD or saYYYYMMDD, where YYYY stands
for the current year, MM for the current month and DD for the current day. They are the
default files used by sar only when no filename has been explicitly specified. When used
to write data to files (with its option -o), sar will use saYYYYMMDD if option -D has also
been specified, else it will use saDD. When used to display the records previously saved
in a file, sar will look for the most recent of saDD and saYYYYMMDD, and use it.
Standard system activity daily data files are located in the /var/log/sysstat directory by
default. Yet it is possible to specify an alternate location for them: If a directory
(instead of a plain file) is used with options -f or -o then it will be considered as the
directory containing the data files.
Without the -P flag, the sar command reports system-wide (global among all processors)
statistics, which are calculated as averages for values expressed as percentages, and as
sums otherwise. If the -P flag is given, the sar command reports activity which relates to
the specified processor or processors. If -P ALL is given, the sar command reports statis‐
tics for each individual processor and global statistics among all processors.
You can select information about specific system activities using flags. Not specifying
any flags selects only CPU activity. Specifying the -A flag selects all possible activi‐
ties.
The default version of the sar command (CPU utilization report) might be one of the first
facilities the user runs to begin system activity investigation, because it monitors major
system resources. If CPU utilization is near 100 percent (user + nice + system), the work‐
load sampled is CPU-bound.
If multiple samples and multiple reports are desired, it is convenient to specify an out‐
put file for the sar command. Run the sar command as a background process. The syntax for
this is:
sar -o datafile interval count >/dev/null 2>&1 &
All data are captured in binary form and saved to a file (datafile). The data can then be
selectively displayed with the sar command using the -f option. Set the interval and count
parameters to select count records at interval second intervals. If the count parameter is
not set, all the records saved in the file will be selected. Collection of data in this
manner is useful to characterize system usage over a period of time and determine peak
usage hours.
Note: The sar command only reports on local activities.
OPTIONS
-A This is equivalent to specifying -bBdFHqrRSuvwWy -I SUM -I XALL -m ALL -n ALL -u
ALL -P ALL.
-B Report paging statistics. The following values are displayed:
pgpgin/s
Total number of kilobytes the system paged in from disk per second.
pgpgout/s
Total number of kilobytes the system paged out to disk per second.
fault/s
Number of page faults (major + minor) made by the system per second. This
is not a count of page faults that generate I/O, because some page faults
can be resolved without I/O.
majflt/s
Number of major faults the system has made per second, those which have
required loading a memory page from disk.
pgfree/s
Number of pages placed on the free list by the system per second.
pgscank/s
Number of pages scanned by the kswapd daemon per second.
pgscand/s
Number of pages scanned directly per second.
pgsteal/s
Number of pages the system has reclaimed from cache (pagecache and swap‐
cache) per second to satisfy its memory demands.
%vmeff
Calculated as pgsteal / pgscan, this is a metric of the efficiency of page
reclaim. If it is near 100% then almost every page coming off the tail of
the inactive list is being reaped. If it gets too low (e.g. less than 30%)
then the virtual memory is having some difficulty. This field is displayed
as zero if no pages have been scanned during the interval of time.
-b Report I/O and transfer rate statistics. The following values are displayed:
tps
Total number of transfers per second that were issued to physical devices.
A transfer is an I/O request to a physical device. Multiple logical requests
can be combined into a single I/O request to the device. A transfer is of
indeterminate size.
rtps
Total number of read requests per second issued to physical devices.
wtps
Total number of write requests per second issued to physical devices.
bread/s
Total amount of data read from the devices in blocks per second. Blocks are
equivalent to sectors and therefore have a size of 512 bytes.
bwrtn/s
Total amount of data written to devices in blocks per second.
-C When reading data from a file, tell sar to display comments that have been inserted
by sadc.
-D Use saYYYYMMDD instead of saDD as the standard system activity daily data file
name. This option works only when used in conjunction with option -o to save data
to file.
-d Report activity for each block device. When data are displayed, the device speci‐
fication devM-n is generally used (DEV column). M is the major number of the
device and n its minor number. Device names may also be pretty-printed if option
-p is used or persistent device names can be printed if option -j is used (see
below). Note that disk activity depends on sadc options -S DISK and -S XDISK to be
collected. The following values are displayed:
tps
Indicate the number of transfers per second that were issued to the device.
Multiple logical requests can be combined into a single I/O request to the
device. A transfer is of indeterminate size.
rd_sec/s
Number of sectors read from the device. The size of a sector is 512 bytes.
wr_sec/s
Number of sectors written to the device. The size of a sector is 512 bytes.
avgrq-sz
The average size (in sectors) of the requests that were issued to the
device.
avgqu-sz
The average queue length of the requests that were issued to the device.
await
The average time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests issued to the device to
be served. This includes the time spent by the requests in queue and the
time spent servicing them.
svctm
The average service time (in milliseconds) for I/O requests that were issued
to the device. Warning! Do not trust this field any more. This field will be
removed in a future sysstat version.
%util
Percentage of CPU time during which I/O requests were issued to the device
(bandwidth utilization for the device). Device saturation occurs when this
value is close to 100%.
-e [ hh:mm:ss ]
Set the ending time of the report. The default ending time is 18:00:00. Hours must
be given in 24-hour format. This option can be used when data are read from or
written to a file (options -f or -o).
-F Display statistics for currently mounted filesystems. Pseudo-filesystems are
ignored. At the end of the report, sar will display a summary of all those filesys‐
tems. Note that filesystems statistics depend on sadc option -S XDISK to be col‐
lected. The following values are displayed:
MBfsfree
Total amount a free space in megabytes (including space available only to
privileged user).
MBfsused
Total amount of space used in megabytes.
%fsused
Percentage of filesystem space used, as seen by a privileged user.
%ufsused
Percentage of filesystem space used, as seen by an unprivileged user.
Ifree
Total number of free file nodes in filesystem.
Iused
Total number of file nodes used in filesystem.
%Iused
Percentage of file nodes used in filesystem.
-f [ filename ]
Extract records from filename (created by the -o filename flag). The default value
of the filename parameter is the current standard system activity daily data file.
If filename is a directory instead of a plain file then it is considered as the
directory where the standard system activity daily data files are located. The -f
option is exclusive of the -o option.
-H Report hugepages utilization statistics. The following values are displayed:
kbhugfree
Amount of hugepages memory in kilobytes that is not yet allocated.
kbhugused
Amount of hugepages memory in kilobytes that has been allocated.
%hugused
Percentage of total hugepages memory that has been allocated.
-h Display a short help message then exit.
-I { int [,...] | SUM | ALL | XALL }
Report statistics for a given interrupt. int is the interrupt number. Specifying
multiple -I int parameters on the command line will look at multiple independent
interrupts. The SUM keyword indicates that the total number of interrupts received
per second is to be displayed. The ALL keyword indicates that statistics from the
first 16 interrupts are to be reported, whereas the XALL keyword indicates that
statistics from all interrupts, including potential APIC interrupt sources, are to
be reported. Note that interrupt statistics depend on sadc option "-S INT" to be
collected.
-i interval
Select data records at seconds as close as possible to the number specified by the
interval parameter.
-j { ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... }
Display persistent device names. Use this option in conjunction with option -d.
Options ID, LABEL, etc. specify the type of the persistent name. These options are
not limited, only prerequisite is that directory with required persistent names is
present in /dev/disk. If persistent name is not found for the device, the device
name is pretty-printed (see option -p below).
-m { keyword [,...] | ALL }
Report power management statistics. Note that these statistics depend on sadc's
option "-S POWER" to be collected.
Possible keywords are CPU, FAN, FREQ, IN, TEMP and USB.
With the CPU keyword, statistics about CPU are reported. The following value is
displayed:
MHz
Instantaneous CPU clock frequency in MHz.
With the FAN keyword, statistics about fans speed are reported. The following val‐
ues are displayed:
rpm
Fan speed expressed in revolutions per minute.
drpm
This field is calculated as the difference between current fan speed (rpm)
and its low limit (fan_min).
DEVICE
Sensor device name.
With the FREQ keyword, statistics about CPU clock frequency are reported. The fol‐
lowing value is displayed:
wghMHz
Weighted average CPU clock frequency in MHz. Note that the cpufreq-stats
driver must be compiled in the kernel for this option to work.
With the IN keyword, statistics about voltage inputs are reported. The following
values are displayed:
inV
Voltage input expressed in Volts.
%in
Relative input value. A value of 100% means that voltage input has reached
its high limit (in_max) whereas a value of 0% means that it has reached its
low limit (in_min).
DEVICE
Sensor device name.
With the TEMP keyword, statistics about devices temperature are reported. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed:
degC
Device temperature expressed in degrees Celsius.
%temp
Relative device temperature. A value of 100% means that temperature has
reached its high limit (temp_max).
DEVICE
Sensor device name.
With the USB keyword, the sar command takes a snapshot of all the USB devices cur‐
rently plugged into the system. At the end of the report, sar will display a sum‐
mary of all those USB devices. The following values are displayed:
BUS
Root hub number of the USB device.
idvendor
Vendor ID number (assigned by USB organization).
idprod
Product ID number (assigned by Manufacturer).
maxpower
Maximum power consumption of the device (expressed in mA).
manufact
Manufacturer name.
product
Product name.
-n { keyword [,...] | ALL }
Report network statistics.
Possible keywords are DEV, EDEV, NFS, NFSD, SOCK, IP, EIP, ICMP, EICMP, TCP, ETCP,
UDP, SOCK6, IP6, EIP6, ICMP6, EICMP6 and UDP6.
With the DEV keyword, statistics from the network devices are reported. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed:
IFACE
Name of the network interface for which statistics are reported.
rxpck/s
Total number of packets received per second.
txpck/s
Total number of packets transmitted per second.
rxkB/s
Total number of kilobytes received per second.
txkB/s
Total number of kilobytes transmitted per second.
rxcmp/s
Number of compressed packets received per second (for cslip etc.).
txcmp/s
Number of compressed packets transmitted per second.
rxmcst/s
Number of multicast packets received per second.
%ifutil
Utilization percentage of the network interface. For half-duplex interfaces,
utilization is calculated using the sum of rxkB/s and txkB/s as a percentage
of the interface speed. For full-duplex, this is the greater of rxkB/S or
txkB/s.
With the EDEV keyword, statistics on failures (errors) from the network devices are
reported. The following values are displayed:
IFACE
Name of the network interface for which statistics are reported.
rxerr/s
Total number of bad packets received per second.
txerr/s
Total number of errors that happened per second while transmitting packets.
coll/s
Number of collisions that happened per second while transmitting packets.
rxdrop/s
Number of received packets dropped per second because of a lack of space in
linux buffers.
txdrop/s
Number of transmitted packets dropped per second because of a lack of space
in linux buffers.
txcarr/s
Number of carrier-errors that happened per second while transmitting pack‐
ets.
rxfram/s
Number of frame alignment errors that happened per second on received pack‐
ets.
rxfifo/s
Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on received packets.
txfifo/s
Number of FIFO overrun errors that happened per second on transmitted pack‐
ets.
With the NFS keyword, statistics about NFS client activity are reported. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed:
call/s
Number of RPC requests made per second.
retrans/s
Number of RPC requests per second, those which needed to be retransmitted
(for example because of a server timeout).
read/s
Number of 'read' RPC calls made per second.
write/s
Number of 'write' RPC calls made per second.
access/s
Number of 'access' RPC calls made per second.
getatt/s
Number of 'getattr' RPC calls made per second.
With the NFSD keyword, statistics about NFS server activity are reported. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed:
scall/s
Number of RPC requests received per second.
badcall/s
Number of bad RPC requests received per second, those whose processing gen‐
erated an error.
packet/s
Number of network packets received per second.
udp/s
Number of UDP packets received per second.
tcp/s
Number of TCP packets received per second.
hit/s
Number of reply cache hits per second.
miss/s
Number of reply cache misses per second.
sread/s
Number of 'read' RPC calls received per second.
swrite/s
Number of 'write' RPC calls received per second.
saccess/s
Number of 'access' RPC calls received per second.
sgetatt/s
Number of 'getattr' RPC calls received per second.
With the SOCK keyword, statistics on sockets in use are reported (IPv4). The fol‐
lowing values are displayed:
totsck
Total number of sockets used by the system.
tcpsck
Number of TCP sockets currently in use.
udpsck
Number of UDP sockets currently in use.
rawsck
Number of RAW sockets currently in use.
ip-frag
Number of IP fragments currently in queue.
tcp-tw
Number of TCP sockets in TIME_WAIT state.
With the IP keyword, statistics about IPv4 network traffic are reported. Note that
IPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S SNMP" to be collected. The following
values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
irec/s
The total number of input datagrams received from interfaces per second,
including those received in error [ipInReceives].
fwddgm/s
The number of input datagrams per second, for which this entity was not
their final IP destination, as a result of which an attempt was made to find
a route to forward them to that final destination [ipForwDatagrams].
idel/s
The total number of input datagrams successfully delivered per second to IP
user-protocols (including ICMP) [ipInDelivers].
orq/s
The total number of IP datagrams which local IP user-protocols (including
ICMP) supplied per second to IP in requests for transmission [ipOutRe‐
quests]. Note that this counter does not include any datagrams counted in
fwddgm/s.
asmrq/s
The number of IP fragments received per second which needed to be reassem‐
bled at this entity [ipReasmReqds].
asmok/s
The number of IP datagrams successfully re-assembled per second
[ipReasmOKs].
fragok/s
The number of IP datagrams that have been successfully fragmented at this
entity per second [ipFragOKs].
fragcrt/s
The number of IP datagram fragments that have been generated per second as a
result of fragmentation at this entity [ipFragCreates].
With the EIP keyword, statistics about IPv4 network errors are reported. Note that
IPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S SNMP" to be collected. The following
values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
ihdrerr/s
The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to errors in their IP
headers, including bad checksums, version number mismatch, other format
errors, time-to-live exceeded, errors discovered in processing their IP
options, etc. [ipInHdrErrors]
iadrerr/s
The number of input datagrams discarded per second because the IP address in
their IP header's destination field was not a valid address to be received
at this entity. This count includes invalid addresses (e.g., 0.0.0.0) and
addresses of unsupported Classes (e.g., Class E). For entities which are not
IP routers and therefore do not forward datagrams, this counter includes
datagrams discarded because the destination address was not a local address
[ipInAddrErrors].
iukwnpr/s
The number of locally-addressed datagrams received successfully but dis‐
carded per second because of an unknown or unsupported protocol [ipInUn‐
knownProtos].
idisc/s
The number of input IP datagrams per second for which no problems were
encountered to prevent their continued processing, but which were discarded
(e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipInDiscards]. Note that this counter
does not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting re-assembly.
odisc/s
The number of output IP datagrams per second for which no problem was
encountered to prevent their transmission to their destination, but which
were discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipOutDiscards]. Note that
this counter would include datagrams counted in fwddgm/s if any such packets
met this (discretionary) discard criterion.
onort/s
The number of IP datagrams discarded per second because no route could be
found to transmit them to their destination [ipOutNoRoutes]. Note that this
counter includes any packets counted in fwddgm/s which meet this 'no-route'
criterion. Note that this includes any datagrams which a host cannot route
because all of its default routers are down.
asmf/s
The number of failures detected per second by the IP re-assembly algorithm
(for whatever reason: timed out, errors, etc) [ipReasmFails]. Note that
this is not necessarily a count of discarded IP fragments since some algo‐
rithms can lose track of the number of fragments by combining them as they
are received.
fragf/s
The number of IP datagrams that have been discarded per second because they
needed to be fragmented at this entity but could not be, e.g., because their
Don't Fragment flag was set [ipFragFails].
With the ICMP keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 network traffic are reported. Note
that ICMPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S SNMP" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
imsg/s
The total number of ICMP messages which the entity received per second
[icmpInMsgs]. Note that this counter includes all those counted by ierr/s.
omsg/s
The total number of ICMP messages which this entity attempted to send per
second [icmpOutMsgs]. Note that this counter includes all those counted by
oerr/s.
iech/s
The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages received per second [icmpInE‐
chos].
iechr/s
The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received per second [icmpInEchoReps].
oech/s
The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages sent per second [icmpOutEchos].
oechr/s
The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutEchoReps].
itm/s
The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages received per second [icmpIn‐
Timestamps].
itmr/s
The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages received per second [icmpIn‐
TimestampReps].
otm/s
The number of ICMP Timestamp (request) messages sent per second [icmpOut‐
Timestamps].
otmr/s
The number of ICMP Timestamp Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutTimes‐
tampReps].
iadrmk/s
The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages received per second [icmp‐
InAddrMasks].
iadrmkr/s
The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages received per second [icmp‐
InAddrMaskReps].
oadrmk/s
The number of ICMP Address Mask Request messages sent per second [icmpOutAd‐
drMasks].
oadrmkr/s
The number of ICMP Address Mask Reply messages sent per second [icmpOutAddr‐
MaskReps].
With the EICMP keyword, statistics about ICMPv4 error messages are reported. Note
that ICMPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S SNMP" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
ierr/s
The number of ICMP messages per second which the entity received but deter‐
mined as having ICMP-specific errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length, etc.)
[icmpInErrors].
oerr/s
The number of ICMP messages per second which this entity did not send due to
problems discovered within ICMP such as a lack of buffers [icmpOutErrors].
idstunr/s
The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages received per second
[icmpInDestUnreachs].
odstunr/s
The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent per second [icm‐
pOutDestUnreachs].
itmex/s
The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received per second [icmpInTimeEx‐
cds].
otmex/s
The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent per second [icmpOutTimeEx‐
cds].
iparmpb/s
The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received per second [icmpIn‐
ParmProbs].
oparmpb/s
The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent per second [icmpOutParm‐
Probs].
isrcq/s
The number of ICMP Source Quench messages received per second [icmpInSrc‐
Quenchs].
osrcq/s
The number of ICMP Source Quench messages sent per second [icmpOutSrc‐
Quenchs].
iredir/s
The number of ICMP Redirect messages received per second [icmpInRedirects].
oredir/s
The number of ICMP Redirect messages sent per second [icmpOutRedirects].
With the TCP keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network traffic are reported. Note
that TCPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S SNMP" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
active/s
The number of times TCP connections have made a direct transition to the
SYN-SENT state from the CLOSED state per second [tcpActiveOpens].
passive/s
The number of times TCP connections have made a direct transition to the
SYN-RCVD state from the LISTEN state per second [tcpPassiveOpens].
iseg/s
The total number of segments received per second, including those received
in error [tcpInSegs]. This count includes segments received on currently
established connections.
oseg/s
The total number of segments sent per second, including those on current
connections but excluding those containing only retransmitted octets
[tcpOutSegs].
With the ETCP keyword, statistics about TCPv4 network errors are reported. Note
that TCPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S SNMP" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
atmptf/s
The number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct transition
to the CLOSED state from either the SYN-SENT state or the SYN-RCVD state,
plus the number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct tran‐
sition to the LISTEN state from the SYN-RCVD state [tcpAttemptFails].
estres/s
The number of times per second TCP connections have made a direct transition
to the CLOSED state from either the ESTABLISHED state or the CLOSE-WAIT
state [tcpEstabResets].
retrans/s
The total number of segments retransmitted per second - that is, the number
of TCP segments transmitted containing one or more previously transmitted
octets [tcpRetransSegs].
isegerr/s
The total number of segments received in error (e.g., bad TCP checksums) per
second [tcpInErrs].
orsts/s
The number of TCP segments sent per second containing the RST flag
[tcpOutRsts].
With the UDP keyword, statistics about UDPv4 network traffic are reported. Note
that UDPv4 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S SNMP" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
idgm/s
The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to UDP users [udpIn‐
Datagrams].
odgm/s
The total number of UDP datagrams sent per second from this entity [udpOut‐
Datagrams].
noport/s
The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for which there was no
application at the destination port [udpNoPorts].
idgmerr/s
The number of received UDP datagrams per second that could not be delivered
for reasons other than the lack of an application at the destination port
[udpInErrors].
With the SOCK6 keyword, statistics on sockets in use are reported (IPv6). Note
that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S IPV6" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed:
tcp6sck
Number of TCPv6 sockets currently in use.
udp6sck
Number of UDPv6 sockets currently in use.
raw6sck
Number of RAWv6 sockets currently in use.
ip6-frag
Number of IPv6 fragments currently in use.
With the IP6 keyword, statistics about IPv6 network traffic are reported. Note
that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S IPV6" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
irec6/s
The total number of input datagrams received from interfaces per second,
including those received in error [ipv6IfStatsInReceives].
fwddgm6/s
The number of output datagrams per second which this entity received and
forwarded to their final destinations [ipv6IfStatsOutForwDatagrams].
idel6/s
The total number of datagrams successfully delivered per second to IPv6
user-protocols (including ICMP) [ipv6IfStatsInDelivers].
orq6/s
The total number of IPv6 datagrams which local IPv6 user-protocols (includ‐
ing ICMP) supplied per second to IPv6 in requests for transmission [ipv6IfS‐
tatsOutRequests]. Note that this counter does not include any datagrams
counted in fwddgm6/s.
asmrq6/s
The number of IPv6 fragments received per second which needed to be reassem‐
bled at this interface [ipv6IfStatsReasmReqds].
asmok6/s
The number of IPv6 datagrams successfully reassembled per second [ipv6IfS‐
tatsReasmOKs].
imcpck6/s
The number of multicast packets received per second by the interface
[ipv6IfStatsInMcastPkts].
omcpck6/s
The number of multicast packets transmitted per second by the interface
[ipv6IfStatsOutMcastPkts].
fragok6/s
The number of IPv6 datagrams that have been successfully fragmented at this
output interface per second [ipv6IfStatsOutFragOKs].
fragcr6/s
The number of output datagram fragments that have been generated per second
as a result of fragmentation at this output interface [ipv6IfStatsOut‐
FragCreates].
With the EIP6 keyword, statistics about IPv6 network errors are reported. Note
that IPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S IPV6" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
ihdrer6/s
The number of input datagrams discarded per second due to errors in their
IPv6 headers, including version number mismatch, other format errors, hop
count exceeded, errors discovered in processing their IPv6 options, etc.
[ipv6IfStatsInHdrErrors]
iadrer6/s
The number of input datagrams discarded per second because the IPv6 address
in their IPv6 header's destination field was not a valid address to be
received at this entity. This count includes invalid addresses (e.g., ::0)
and unsupported addresses (e.g., addresses with unallocated prefixes). For
entities which are not IPv6 routers and therefore do not forward datagrams,
this counter includes datagrams discarded because the destination address
was not a local address [ipv6IfStatsInAddrErrors].
iukwnp6/s
The number of locally-addressed datagrams received successfully but dis‐
carded per second because of an unknown or unsupported protocol [ipv6IfS‐
tatsInUnknownProtos].
i2big6/s
The number of input datagrams that could not be forwarded per second because
their size exceeded the link MTU of outgoing interface [ipv6IfStatsIn‐
TooBigErrors].
idisc6/s
The number of input IPv6 datagrams per second for which no problems were
encountered to prevent their continued processing, but which were discarded
(e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipv6IfStatsInDiscards]. Note that this
counter does not include any datagrams discarded while awaiting re-assembly.
odisc6/s
The number of output IPv6 datagrams per second for which no problem was
encountered to prevent their transmission to their destination, but which
were discarded (e.g., for lack of buffer space) [ipv6IfStatsOutDiscards].
Note that this counter would include datagrams counted in fwddgm6/s if any
such packets met this (discretionary) discard criterion.
inort6/s
The number of input datagrams discarded per second because no route could be
found to transmit them to their destination [ipv6IfStatsInNoRoutes].
onort6/s
The number of locally generated IP datagrams discarded per second because no
route could be found to transmit them to their destination [unknown formal
SNMP name].
asmf6/s
The number of failures detected per second by the IPv6 re-assembly algorithm
(for whatever reason: timed out, errors, etc.) [ipv6IfStatsReasmFails].
Note that this is not necessarily a count of discarded IPv6 fragments since
some algorithms can lose track of the number of fragments by combining them
as they are received.
fragf6/s
The number of IPv6 datagrams that have been discarded per second because
they needed to be fragmented at this output interface but could not be
[ipv6IfStatsOutFragFails].
itrpck6/s
The number of input datagrams discarded per second because datagram frame
didn't carry enough data [ipv6IfStatsInTruncatedPkts].
With the ICMP6 keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 network traffic are reported. Note
that ICMPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S IPV6" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
imsg6/s
The total number of ICMP messages received by the interface per second which
includes all those counted by ierr6/s [ipv6IfIcmpInMsgs].
omsg6/s
The total number of ICMP messages which this interface attempted to send per
second [ipv6IfIcmpOutMsgs].
iech6/s
The number of ICMP Echo (request) messages received by the interface per
second [ipv6IfIcmpInEchos].
iechr6/s
The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages received by the interface per second
[ipv6IfIcmpInEchoReplies].
oechr6/s
The number of ICMP Echo Reply messages sent by the interface per second
[ipv6IfIcmpOutEchoReplies].
igmbq6/s
The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Query messages received by the inter‐
face per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembQueries].
igmbr6/s
The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response messages received by the
interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembResponses].
ogmbr6/s
The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Response messages sent per second
[ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembResponses].
igmbrd6/s
The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction messages received by the
interface per second [ipv6IfIcmpInGroupMembReductions].
ogmbrd6/s
The number of ICMPv6 Group Membership Reduction messages sent per second
[ipv6IfIcmpOutGroupMembReductions].
irtsol6/s
The number of ICMP Router Solicit messages received by the interface per
second [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterSolicits].
ortsol6/s
The number of ICMP Router Solicitation messages sent by the interface per
second [ipv6IfIcmpOutRouterSolicits].
irtad6/s
The number of ICMP Router Advertisement messages received by the interface
per second [ipv6IfIcmpInRouterAdvertisements].
inbsol6/s
The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicit messages received by the interface per
second [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborSolicits].
onbsol6/s
The number of ICMP Neighbor Solicitation messages sent by the interface per
second [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborSolicits].
inbad6/s
The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages received by the interface
per second [ipv6IfIcmpInNeighborAdvertisements].
onbad6/s
The number of ICMP Neighbor Advertisement messages sent by the interface per
second [ipv6IfIcmpOutNeighborAdvertisements].
With the EICMP6 keyword, statistics about ICMPv6 error messages are reported. Note
that ICMPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S IPV6" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
ierr6/s
The number of ICMP messages per second which the interface received but
determined as having ICMP-specific errors (bad ICMP checksums, bad length,
etc.) [ipv6IfIcmpInErrors]
idtunr6/s
The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages received by the inter‐
face per second [ipv6IfIcmpInDestUnreachs].
odtunr6/s
The number of ICMP Destination Unreachable messages sent by the interface
per second [ipv6IfIcmpOutDestUnreachs].
itmex6/s
The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages received by the interface per sec‐
ond [ipv6IfIcmpInTimeExcds].
otmex6/s
The number of ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent by the interface per second
[ipv6IfIcmpOutTimeExcds].
iprmpb6/s
The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages received by the interface per
second [ipv6IfIcmpInParmProblems].
oprmpb6/s
The number of ICMP Parameter Problem messages sent by the interface per sec‐
ond [ipv6IfIcmpOutParmProblems].
iredir6/s
The number of Redirect messages received by the interface per second
[ipv6IfIcmpInRedirects].
oredir6/s
The number of Redirect messages sent by the interface by second [ipv6IfIcm‐
pOutRedirects].
ipck2b6/s
The number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages received by the interface per
second [ipv6IfIcmpInPktTooBigs].
opck2b6/s
The number of ICMP Packet Too Big messages sent by the interface per second
[ipv6IfIcmpOutPktTooBigs].
With the UDP6 keyword, statistics about UDPv6 network traffic are reported. Note
that UDPv6 statistics depend on sadc's option "-S IPV6" to be collected. The fol‐
lowing values are displayed (formal SNMP names between square brackets):
idgm6/s
The total number of UDP datagrams delivered per second to UDP users [udpIn‐
Datagrams].
odgm6/s
The total number of UDP datagrams sent per second from this entity [udpOut‐
Datagrams].
noport6/s
The total number of received UDP datagrams per second for which there was no
application at the destination port [udpNoPorts].
idgmer6/s
The number of received UDP datagrams per second that could not be delivered
for reasons other than the lack of an application at the destination port
[udpInErrors].
The ALL keyword is equivalent to specifying all the keywords above and therefore
all the network activities are reported.
-o [ filename ]
Save the readings in the file in binary form. Each reading is in a separate record.
The default value of the filename parameter is the current standard system activity
daily data file. If filename is a directory instead of a plain file then it is
considered as the directory where the standard system activity daily data files are
located. The -o option is exclusive of the -f option. All the data available from
the kernel are saved in the file (in fact, sar calls its data collector sadc with
the option "-S ALL". See sadc(8) manual page).
-P { cpu [,...] | ALL }
Report per-processor statistics for the specified processor or processors. Speci‐
fying the ALL keyword reports statistics for each individual processor, and glob‐
ally for all processors. Note that processor 0 is the first processor.
-p Pretty-print device names. Use this option in conjunction with option -d. By
default names are printed as devM-n where M and n are the major and minor numbers
for the device. Use of this option displays the names of the devices as they
(should) appear in /dev. Name mappings are controlled by /etc/sysstat/sys‐
stat.ioconf.
-q Report queue length and load averages. The following values are displayed:
runq-sz
Run queue length (number of tasks waiting for run time).
plist-sz
Number of tasks in the task list.
ldavg-1
System load average for the last minute. The load average is calculated as
the average number of runnable or running tasks (R state), and the number of
tasks in uninterruptible sleep (D state) over the specified interval.
ldavg-5
System load average for the past 5 minutes.
ldavg-15
System load average for the past 15 minutes.
blocked
Number of tasks currently blocked, waiting for I/O to complete.
-R Report memory statistics. The following values are displayed:
frmpg/s
Number of memory pages freed by the system per second. A negative value
represents a number of pages allocated by the system. Note that a page has
a size of 4 kiB or 8 kiB according to the machine architecture.
bufpg/s
Number of additional memory pages used as buffers by the system per second.
A negative value means fewer pages used as buffers by the system.
campg/s
Number of additional memory pages cached by the system per second. A nega‐
tive value means fewer pages in the cache.
-r Report memory utilization statistics. The following values are displayed:
kbmemfree
Amount of free memory available in kilobytes.
kbmemused
Amount of used memory in kilobytes. This does not take into account memory
used by the kernel itself.
%memused
Percentage of used memory.
kbbuffers
Amount of memory used as buffers by the kernel in kilobytes.
kbcached
Amount of memory used to cache data by the kernel in kilobytes.
kbcommit
Amount of memory in kilobytes needed for current workload. This is an esti‐
mate of how much RAM/swap is needed to guarantee that there never is out of
memory.
%commit
Percentage of memory needed for current workload in relation to the total
amount of memory (RAM+swap). This number may be greater than 100% because
the kernel usually overcommits memory.
kbactive
Amount of active memory in kilobytes (memory that has been used more
recently and usually not reclaimed unless absolutely necessary).
kbinact
Amount of inactive memory in kilobytes (memory which has been less recently
used. It is more eligible to be reclaimed for other purposes).
kbdirty
Amount of memory in kilobytes waiting to get written back to the disk.
-S Report swap space utilization statistics. The following values are displayed:
kbswpfree
Amount of free swap space in kilobytes.
kbswpused
Amount of used swap space in kilobytes.
%swpused
Percentage of used swap space.
kbswpcad
Amount of cached swap memory in kilobytes. This is memory that once was
swapped out, is swapped back in but still also is in the swap area (if mem‐
ory is needed it doesn't need to be swapped out again because it is already
in the swap area. This saves I/O).
%swpcad
Percentage of cached swap memory in relation to the amount of used swap
space.
-s [ hh:mm:ss ]
Set the starting time of the data, causing the sar command to extract records
time-tagged at, or following, the time specified. The default starting time is
08:00:00. Hours must be given in 24-hour format. This option can be used only when
data are read from a file (option -f).
-t When reading data from a daily data file, indicate that sar should display the
timestamps in the original local time of the data file creator. Without this
option, the sar command displays the timestamps in the user's locale time.
-u [ ALL ]
Report CPU utilization. The ALL keyword indicates that all the CPU fields should be
displayed. The report may show the following fields:
%user
Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user
level (application). Note that this field includes time spent running vir‐
tual processors.
%usr
Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user
level (application). Note that this field does NOT include time spent run‐
ning virtual processors.
%nice
Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the user
level with nice priority.
%system
Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the system
level (kernel). Note that this field includes time spent servicing hardware
and software interrupts.
%sys
Percentage of CPU utilization that occurred while executing at the system
level (kernel). Note that this field does NOT include time spent servicing
hardware or software interrupts.
%iowait
Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle during which the system
had an outstanding disk I/O request.
%steal
Percentage of time spent in involuntary wait by the virtual CPU or CPUs
while the hypervisor was servicing another virtual processor.
%irq
Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service hardware interrupts.
%soft
Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to service software interrupts.
%guest
Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a virtual processor.
%gnice
Percentage of time spent by the CPU or CPUs to run a niced guest.
%idle
Percentage of time that the CPU or CPUs were idle and the system did not
have an outstanding disk I/O request.
Note: On SMP machines a processor that does not have any activity at all (0.00 for
every field) is a disabled (offline) processor.
-V Print version number then exit.
-v Report status of inode, file and other kernel tables. The following values are
displayed:
dentunusd
Number of unused cache entries in the directory cache.
file-nr
Number of file handles used by the system.
inode-nr
Number of inode handlers used by the system.
pty-nr
Number of pseudo-terminals used by the system.
-W Report swapping statistics. The following values are displayed:
pswpin/s
Total number of swap pages the system brought in per second.
pswpout/s
Total number of swap pages the system brought out per second.
-w Report task creation and system switching activity.
proc/s
Total number of tasks created per second.
cswch/s
Total number of context switches per second.
-y Report TTY devices activity. The following values are displayed:
rcvin/s
Number of receive interrupts per second for current serial line. Serial line
number is given in the TTY column.
xmtin/s
Number of transmit interrupts per second for current serial line.
framerr/s
Number of frame errors per second for current serial line.
prtyerr/s
Number of parity errors per second for current serial line.
brk/s
Number of breaks per second for current serial line.
ovrun/s
Number of overrun errors per second for current serial line.
ENVIRONMENT
The sar command takes into account the following environment variables:
S_TIME_FORMAT
If this variable exists and its value is ISO then the current locale will be
ignored when printing the date in the report header. The sar command will use the
ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-DD) instead.
S_TIME_DEF_TIME
If this variable exists and its value is UTC then sar will save its data in UTC
time (data will still be displayed in local time). sar will also use UTC time
instead of local time to determine the current daily data file located in the
/var/log/sysstat directory. This variable may be useful for servers with users
located across several timezones.
EXAMPLES
sar -u 2 5
Report CPU utilization for each 2 seconds. 5 lines are displayed.
sar -I 14 -o int14.file 2 10
Report statistics on IRQ 14 for each 2 seconds. 10 lines are displayed. Data are
stored in a file called int14.file.
sar -r -n DEV -f /var/log/sysstat/sa16
Display memory and network statistics saved in daily data file 'sa16'.
sar -A
Display all the statistics saved in current daily data file.
BUGS
/proc filesystem must be mounted for the sar command to work.
All the statistics are not necessarily available, depending on the kernel version used.
sar assumes that you are using at least a 2.6 kernel.
FILES
/var/log/sysstat/saDD
/var/log/sysstat/saYYYYMMDD
The standard system activity daily data files and their default location. YYYY
stands for the current year, MM for the current month and DD for the current day.
/proc and /sys contain various files with system statistics.
AUTHOR
Sebastien Godard (sysstat <at> orange.fr)
SEE ALSO
sadc(8), sa1(8), sa2(8), sadf(1), pidstat(1), mpstat(1), iostat(1), vmstat(8)
http://pagesperso-orange.fr/sebastien.godard/
Linux JUNE 2014 SAR(1)
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