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slapd.access(5) - phpMan
SLAPD.ACCESS(5) File Formats Manual SLAPD.ACCESS(5)
NAME
slapd.access - access configuration for slapd, the stand-alone LDAP daemon
SYNOPSIS
/etc/ldap/slapd.conf
DESCRIPTION
The slapd.conf(5) file contains configuration information for the slapd(8) daemon. This
configuration file is also used by the SLAPD tools slapacl(8), slapadd(8), slapauth(8),
slapcat(8), slapdn(8), slapindex(8), and slaptest(8).
The slapd.conf file consists of a series of global configuration options that apply to
slapd as a whole (including all backends), followed by zero or more database backend defi‐
nitions that contain information specific to a backend instance.
The general format of slapd.conf is as follows:
# comment - these options apply to every database
<global configuration options>
# first database definition & configuration options
database <backend 1 type>
<configuration options specific to backend 1>
# subsequent database definitions & configuration options
...
Both the global configuration and each backend-specific section can contain access infor‐
mation. Backend-specific access control directives are used for those entries that belong
to the backend, according to their naming context. In case no access control directives
are defined for a backend or those which are defined are not applicable, the directives
from the global configuration section are then used.
If no access controls are present, the default policy allows anyone and everyone to read
anything but restricts updates to rootdn. (e.g., "access to * by * read").
When dealing with an access list, because the global access list is effectively appended
to each per-database list, if the resulting list is non-empty then the access list will
end with an implicit access to * by * none directive. If there are no access directives
applicable to a backend, then a default read is used.
Be warned: the rootdn can always read and write EVERYTHING!
For entries not held in any backend (such as a root DSE), the global directives are used.
Arguments that should be replaced by actual text are shown in brackets <>.
THE ACCESS DIRECTIVE
The structure of the access control directives is
access to <what> [ by <who> [ <access> ] [ <control> ] ]+
Grant access (specified by <access>) to a set of entries and/or attributes (speci‐
fied by <what>) by one or more requestors (specified by <who>).
Lists of access directives are evaluated in the order they appear in slapd.conf. When a
<what> clause matches the datum whose access is being evaluated, its <who> clause list is
checked. When a <who> clause matches the accessor's properties, its <access> and <con‐
trol> clauses are evaluated. Access control checking stops at the first match of the
<what> and <who> clause, unless otherwise dictated by the <control> clause. Each <who>
clause list is implicitly terminated by a
by * none stop
clause that results in stopping the access control with no access privileges granted.
Each <what> clause list is implicitly terminated by a
access to *
by * none
clause that results in granting no access privileges to an otherwise unspecified datum.
THE <WHAT> FIELD
The field <what> specifies the entity the access control directive applies to. It can
have the forms
dn[.<dnstyle>]=<dnpattern>
filter=<ldapfilter>
attrs=<attrlist>[ val[/matchingRule][.<attrstyle>]=<attrval>]
with
<dnstyle>={{exact|base(object)}|regex
|one(level)|sub(tree)|children}
<attrlist>={<attr>|[{!|@}]<objectClass>}[,<attrlist>]
<attrstyle>={{exact|base(object)}|regex
|one(level)|sub(tree)|children}
The statement dn=<dnpattern> selects the entries based on their naming context. The
<dnpattern> is a string representation of the entry's DN. The wildcard * stands for all
the entries, and it is implied if no dn form is given.
The <dnstyle> is optional; however, it is recommended to specify it to avoid ambiguities.
Base (synonym of baseObject), the default, or exact (an alias of base) indicates the entry
whose DN is equal to the <dnpattern>; one (synonym of onelevel) indicates all the entries
immediately below the <dnpattern>, sub (synonym of subtree) indicates all entries in the
subtree at the <dnpattern>, children indicates all the entries below (subordinate to) the
<dnpattern>.
If the <dnstyle> qualifier is regex, then <dnpattern> is a POSIX (''extended'') regular
expression pattern, as detailed in regex(7) and/or re_format(7), matching a normalized
string representation of the entry's DN. The regex form of the pattern does not (yet)
support UTF-8.
The statement filter=<ldapfilter> selects the entries based on a valid LDAP filter as
described in RFC 4515. A filter of (objectClass=*) is implied if no filter form is given.
The statement attrs=<attrlist> selects the attributes the access control rule applies to.
It is a comma-separated list of attribute types, plus the special names entry, indicating
access to the entry itself, and children, indicating access to the entry's children.
ObjectClass names may also be specified in this list, which will affect all the attributes
that are required and/or allowed by that objectClass. Actually, names in <attrlist> that
are prefixed by @ are directly treated as objectClass names. A name prefixed by ! is
also treated as an objectClass, but in this case the access rule affects the attributes
that are not required nor allowed by that objectClass. If no attrs form is given,
attrs=@extensibleObject is implied, i.e. all attributes are addressed.
Using the form attrs=<attr> val[/matchingRule][.<attrstyle>]=<attrval> specifies access to
a particular value of a single attribute. In this case, only a single attribute type may
be given. The <attrstyle> exact (the default) uses the attribute's equality matching rule
to compare the value, unless a different (and compatible) matching rule is specified. If
the <attrstyle> is regex, the provided value is used as a POSIX (''extended'') regular
expression pattern. If the attribute has DN syntax, the <attrstyle> can be any of base,
onelevel, subtree or children, resulting in base, onelevel, subtree or children match,
respectively.
The dn, filter, and attrs statements are additive; they can be used in sequence to select
entities the access rule applies to based on naming context, value and attribute type
simultaneously. Submatches resulting from regex matching can be dereferenced in the <who>
field using the syntax ${v<n>}, where <n> is the submatch number. The default syntax,
$<n>, is actually an alias for ${d<n>}, that corresponds to dereferencing submatches from
the dnpattern portion of the <what> field.
THE <WHO> FIELD
The field <who> indicates whom the access rules apply to. Multiple <who> statements can
appear in an access control statement, indicating the different access privileges to the
same resource that apply to different accessee. It can have the forms
*
anonymous
users
self[.<selfstyle>]
dn[.<dnstyle>[,<modifier>]]=<DN>
dnattr=<attrname>
realanonymous
realusers
realself[.<selfstyle>]
realdn[.<dnstyle>[,<modifier>]]=<DN>
realdnattr=<attrname>
group[/<objectclass>[/<attrname>]]
[.<groupstyle>]=<group>
peername[.<peernamestyle>]=<peername>
sockname[.<style>]=<sockname>
domain[.<domainstyle>[,<modifier>]]=<domain>
sockurl[.<style>]=<sockurl>
set[.<setstyle>]=<pattern>
ssf=<n>
transport_ssf=<n>
tls_ssf=<n>
sasl_ssf=<n>
dynacl/<name>[/<options>][.<dynstyle>][=<pattern>]
with
<style>={exact|regex|expand}
<selfstyle>={level{<n>}}
<dnstyle>={{exact|base(object)}|regex
|one(level)|sub(tree)|children|level{<n>}}
<groupstyle>={exact|expand}
<peernamestyle>={<style>|ip|ipv6|path}
<domainstyle>={exact|regex|sub(tree)}
<setstyle>={exact|expand}
<modifier>={expand}
<name>=aci <pattern>=<attrname>]
They may be specified in combination.
The wildcard * refers to everybody.
The keywords prefixed by real act as their counterparts without prefix; the checking
respectively occurs with the authentication DN and the authorization DN.
The keyword anonymous means access is granted to unauthenticated clients; it is mostly
used to limit access to authentication resources (e.g. the userPassword attribute) to
unauthenticated clients for authentication purposes.
The keyword users means access is granted to authenticated clients.
The keyword self means access to an entry is allowed to the entry itself (e.g. the entry
being accessed and the requesting entry must be the same). It allows the level{<n>}
style, where <n> indicates what ancestor of the DN is to be used in matches. A positive
value indicates that the <n>-th ancestor of the user's DN is to be considered; a negative
value indicates that the <n>-th ancestor of the target is to be considered. For example,
a "by self.level{1} ..." clause would match when the object "dc=example,dc=com" is
accessed by "cn=User,dc=example,dc=com". A "by self.level{-1} ..." clause would match
when the same user accesses the object "ou=Address Book,cn=User,dc=example,dc=com".
The statement dn=<DN> means that access is granted to the matching DN. The optional style
qualifier dnstyle allows the same choices of the dn form of the <what> field. In addi‐
tion, the regex style can exploit substring substitution of submatches in the <what>
dn.regex clause by using the form $<digit>, with digit ranging from 0 to 9 (where 0
matches the entire string), or the form ${<digit>+}, for submatches higher than 9. Sub‐
string substitution from attribute value can be done in using the form ${v<digit>+}.
Since the dollar character is used to indicate a substring replacement, the dollar charac‐
ter that is used to indicate match up to the end of the string must be escaped by a second
dollar character, e.g.
access to dn.regex="^(.+,)?uid=([^,]+),dc=[^,]+,dc=com$"
by dn.regex="^uid=$2,dc=[^,]+,dc=com$$" write
The style qualifier allows an optional modifier. At present, the only type allowed is
expand, which causes substring substitution of submatches to take place even if dnstyle is
not regex. Note that the regex dnstyle in the above example may be of use only if the
<by> clause needs to be a regex; otherwise, if the value of the second (from the right)
dc= portion of the DN in the above example were fixed, the form
access to dn.regex="^(.+,)?uid=([^,]+),dc=example,dc=com$"
by dn.exact,expand="uid=$2,dc=example,dc=com" write
could be used; if it had to match the value in the <what> clause, the form
access to dn.regex="^(.+,)?uid=([^,]+),dc=([^,]+),dc=com$"
by dn.exact,expand="uid=$2,dc=$3,dc=com" write
could be used.
Forms of the <what> clause other than regex may provide submatches as well. The
base(object), the sub(tree), the one(level), and the children forms provide $0 as the
match of the entire string. The sub(tree), the one(level), and the children forms also
provide $1 as the match of the rightmost part of the DN as defined in the <what> clause.
This may be useful, for instance, to provide access to all the ancestors of a user by
defining
access to dn.subtree="dc=com"
by dn.subtree,expand="$1" read
which means that only access to entries that appear in the DN of the <by> clause is
allowed.
The level{<n>} form is an extension and a generalization of the onelevel form, which
matches all DNs whose <n>-th ancestor is the pattern. So, level{1} is equivalent to
onelevel, and level{0} is equivalent to base.
It is perfectly useless to give any access privileges to a DN that exactly matches the
rootdn of the database the ACLs apply to, because it implicitly possesses write privileges
for the entire tree of that database. Actually, access control is bypassed for the
rootdn, to solve the intrinsic chicken-and-egg problem.
The statement dnattr=<attrname> means that access is granted to requests whose DN is
listed in the entry being accessed under the <attrname> attribute.
The statement group=<group> means that access is granted to requests whose DN is listed in
the group entry whose DN is given by <group>. The optional parameters <objectclass> and
<attrname> define the objectClass and the member attributeType of the group entry. The
defaults are groupOfNames and member, respectively. The optional style qualifier <style>
can be expand, which means that <group> will be expanded as a replacement string (but not
as a regular expression) according to regex(7) and/or re_format(7), and exact, which means
that exact match will be used. If the style of the DN portion of the <what> clause is
regex, the submatches are made available according to regex(7) and/or re_format(7); other
styles provide limited submatches as discussed above about the DN form of the <by> clause.
For static groups, the specified attributeType must have DistinguishedName or NameAndOp‐
tionalUID syntax. For dynamic groups the attributeType must be a subtype of the labeledURI
attributeType. Only LDAP URIs of the form ldap:///<base>??<scope>?<filter> will be evalu‐
ated in a dynamic group, by searching the local server only.
The statements peername=<peername>, sockname=<sockname>, domain=<domain>, and sock‐
url=<sockurl> mean that the contacting host IP (in the form IP=<ip>:<port> for IPv4, or
IP=[<ipv6>]:<port> for IPv6) or the contacting host named pipe file name (in the form
PATH=<path> if connecting through a named pipe) for peername, the named pipe file name for
sockname, the contacting host name for domain, and the contacting URL for sockurl are com‐
pared against pattern to determine access. The same style rules for pattern match
described for the group case apply, plus the regex style, which implies submatch expand
and regex match of the corresponding connection parameters. The exact style of the <peer‐
name> clause (the default) implies a case-exact match on the client's IP, including the
IP= prefix and the trailing :<port>, or the client's path, including the PATH= prefix if
connecting through a named pipe. The special ip style interprets the pattern as <peer‐
name>=<ip>[%<mask>][{<n>}], where <ip> and <mask> are dotted digit representations of the
IP and the mask, while <n>, delimited by curly brackets, is an optional port. The same
applies to IPv6 addresses when the special ipv6 style is used. When checking access priv‐
ileges, the IP portion of the peername is extracted, eliminating the IP= prefix and the
:<port> part, and it is compared against the <ip> portion of the pattern after masking
with <mask>: ((peername & <mask>) == <ip>). As an example, peername.ip=127.0.0.1 and
peername.ipv6=::1 allow connections only from localhost, peer‐
name.ip=192.168.1.0%255.255.255.0 allows connections from any IP in the 192.168.1 class C
domain, and peername.ip=192.168.1.16%255.255.255.240{9009} allows connections from any IP
in the 192.168.1.[16-31] range of the same domain, only if port 9009 is used. The special
path style eliminates the PATH= prefix from the peername when connecting through a named
pipe, and performs an exact match on the given pattern. The <domain> clause also allows
the subtree style, which succeeds when a fully qualified name exactly matches the domain
pattern, or its trailing part, after a dot, exactly matches the domain pattern. The
expand style is allowed, implying an exact match with submatch expansion; the use of
expand as a style modifier is considered more appropriate. As an example, domain.sub‐
tree=example.com will match www.example.com, but will not match www.anotherexample.com.
The domain of the contacting host is determined by performing a DNS reverse lookup. As
this lookup can easily be spoofed, use of the domain statement is strongly discouraged.
By default, reverse lookups are disabled. The optional domainstyle qualifier of the
<domain> clause allows a modifier option; the only value currently supported is expand,
which causes substring substitution of submatches to take place even if the domainstyle is
not regex, much like the analogous usage in <dn> clause.
The statement set=<pattern> is undocumented yet.
The statement dynacl/<name>[/<options>][.<dynstyle>][=<pattern>] means that access check‐
ing is delegated to the admin-defined method indicated by <name>, which can be registered
at run-time by means of the moduleload statement. The fields <options>, <dynstyle> and
<pattern> are optional, and are directly passed to the registered parsing routine. Dynacl
is experimental; it must be enabled at compile time.
The statement dynacl/aci[=<attrname>] means that the access control is determined by the
values in the attrname of the entry itself. The optional <attrname> indicates what
attributeType holds the ACI information in the entry. By default, the OpenLDAPaci opera‐
tional attribute is used. ACIs are experimental; they must be enabled at compile time.
The statements ssf=<n>, transport_ssf=<n>, tls_ssf=<n>, and sasl_ssf=<n> set the minimum
required Security Strength Factor (ssf) needed to grant access. The value should be posi‐
tive integer.
THE <ACCESS> FIELD
The optional field <access> ::= [[real]self]{<level>|<priv>} determines the access level
or the specific access privileges the who field will have. Its component are defined as
<level> ::= none|disclose|auth|compare|search|read|{write|add|delete}|manage
<priv> ::= {=|+|-}{0|d|x|c|s|r|{w|a|z}|m}+
The modifier self allows special operations like having a certain access level or privi‐
lege only in case the operation involves the name of the user that's requesting the
access. It implies the user that requests access is authorized. The modifier realself
refers to the authenticated DN as opposed to the authorized DN of the self modifier. An
example is the selfwrite access to the member attribute of a group, which allows one to
add/delete its own DN from the member list of a group, while being not allowed to affect
other members.
The level access model relies on an incremental interpretation of the access privileges.
The possible levels are none, disclose, auth, compare, search, read, write, and manage.
Each access level implies all the preceding ones, thus manage grants all access including
administrative access. The write access is actually the combination of add and delete,
which respectively restrict the write privilege to add or delete the specified <what>.
The none access level disallows all access including disclosure on error.
The disclose access level allows disclosure of information on error.
The auth access level means that one is allowed access to an attribute to perform authen‐
tication/authorization operations (e.g. bind) with no other access. This is useful to
grant unauthenticated clients the least possible access level to critical resources, like
passwords.
The priv access model relies on the explicit setting of access privileges for each clause.
The = sign resets previously defined accesses; as a consequence, the final access privi‐
leges will be only those defined by the clause. The + and - signs add/remove access priv‐
ileges to the existing ones. The privileges are m for manage, w for write, a for add, z
for delete, r for read, s for search, c for compare, x for authentication, and d for dis‐
close. More than one of the above privileges can be added in one statement. 0 indicates
no privileges and is used only by itself (e.g., +0). Note that +az is equivalent to +w.
If no access is given, it defaults to +0.
THE <CONTROL> FIELD
The optional field <control> controls the flow of access rule application. It can have
the forms
stop
continue
break
where stop, the default, means access checking stops in case of match. The other two
forms are used to keep on processing access clauses. In detail, the continue form allows
for other <who> clauses in the same <access> clause to be considered, so that they may
result in incrementally altering the privileges, while the break form allows for other
<access> clauses that match the same target to be processed. Consider the (silly) example
access to dn.subtree="dc=example,dc=com" attrs=cn
by * =cs break
access to dn.subtree="ou=People,dc=example,dc=com"
by * +r
which allows search and compare privileges to everybody under the "dc=example,dc=com"
tree, with the second rule allowing also read in the "ou=People" subtree, or the (even
more silly) example
access to dn.subtree="dc=example,dc=com" attrs=cn
by * =cs continue
by users +r
which grants everybody search and compare privileges, and adds read privileges to authen‐
ticated clients.
One useful application is to easily grant write privileges to an updatedn that is differ‐
ent from the rootdn. In this case, since the updatedn needs write access to (almost) all
data, one can use
access to *
by dn.exact="cn=The Update DN,dc=example,dc=com" write
by * break
as the first access rule. As a consequence, unless the operation is performed with the
updatedn identity, control is passed straight to the subsequent rules.
OPERATION REQUIREMENTS
Operations require different privileges on different portions of entries. The following
summary applies to primary database backends such as the BDB and HDB backends. Require‐
ments for other backends may (and often do) differ.
The add operation requires add (=a) privileges on the pseudo-attribute entry of the entry
being added, and add (=a) privileges on the pseudo-attribute children of the entry's par‐
ent. When adding the suffix entry of a database, add access to children of the empty DN
("") is required. Also if Add content ACL checking has been configured on the database
(see the slapd.conf(5) or slapd-config(5) manual page), add (=a) will be required on all
of the attributes being added.
The bind operation, when credentials are stored in the directory, requires auth (=x) priv‐
ileges on the attribute the credentials are stored in (usually userPassword).
The compare operation requires compare (=c) privileges on the attribute that is being com‐
pared.
The delete operation requires delete (=z) privileges on the pseudo-attribute entry of the
entry being deleted, and delete (=d) privileges on the children pseudo-attribute of the
entry's parent.
The modify operation requires write (=w) privileges on the attributes being modified. In
detail, add (=a) is required to add new values, delete (=z) is required to delete existing
values, and both delete and add (=az), or write (=w), are required to replace existing
values.
The modrdn operation requires write (=w) privileges on the pseudo-attribute entry of the
entry whose relative DN is being modified, delete (=z) privileges on the pseudo-attribute
children of the old entry's parents, add (=a) privileges on the pseudo-attribute children
of the new entry's parents, and add (=a) privileges on the attributes that are present in
the new relative DN. Delete (=z) privileges are also required on the attributes that are
present in the old relative DN if deleteoldrdn is set to 1.
The search operation, requires search (=s) privileges on the entry pseudo-attribute of the
searchBase (NOTE: this was introduced with OpenLDAP 2.4). Then, for each entry, it
requires search (=s) privileges on the attributes that are defined in the filter. The
resulting entries are finally tested for read (=r) privileges on the pseudo-attribute
entry (for read access to the entry itself) and for read (=r) access on each value of each
attribute that is requested. Also, for each referral object used in generating continua‐
tion references, the operation requires read (=r) access on the pseudo-attribute entry
(for read access to the referral object itself), as well as read (=r) access to the
attribute holding the referral information (generally the ref attribute).
Some internal operations and some controls require specific access privileges. The
authzID mapping and the proxyAuthz control require auth (=x) privileges on all the
attributes that are present in the search filter of the URI regexp maps (the right-hand
side of the authz-regexp directives). Auth (=x) privileges are also required on the
authzTo attribute of the authorizing identity and/or on the authzFrom attribute of the
authorized identity. In general, when an internal lookup is performed for authentication
or authorization purposes, search-specific privileges (see the access requirements for the
search operation illustrated above) are relaxed to auth.
Access control to search entries is checked by the frontend, so it is fully honored by all
backends; for all other operations and for the discovery phase of the search operation,
full ACL semantics is only supported by the primary backends, i.e. back-bdb(5), and
back-hdb(5).
Some other backend, like back-sql(5), may fully support them; others may only support a
portion of the described semantics, or even differ in some aspects. The relevant details
are described in the backend-specific man pages.
CAVEATS
It is strongly recommended to explicitly use the most appropriate <dnstyle> in <what> and
<who> clauses, to avoid possible incorrect specifications of the access rules as well as
for performance (avoid unnecessary regex matching when an exact match suffices) reasons.
An administrator might create a rule of the form:
access to dn.regex="dc=example,dc=com"
by ...
expecting it to match all entries in the subtree "dc=example,dc=com". However, this rule
actually matches any DN which contains anywhere the substring "dc=example,dc=com". That
is, the rule matches both "uid=joe,dc=example,dc=com" and "dc=example,dc=com,uid=joe".
To match the desired subtree, the rule would be more precisely written:
access to dn.regex="^(.+,)?dc=example,dc=com$"
by ...
For performance reasons, it would be better to use the subtree style.
access to dn.subtree="dc=example,dc=com"
by ...
When writing submatch rules, it may be convenient to avoid unnecessary regex <dnstyle>
use; for instance, to allow access to the subtree of the user that matches the <what>
clause, one could use
access to dn.regex="^(.+,)?uid=([^,]+),dc=example,dc=com$"
by dn.regex="^uid=$2,dc=example,dc=com$$" write
by ...
However, since all that is required in the <by> clause is substring expansion, a more
efficient solution is
access to dn.regex="^(.+,)?uid=([^,]+),dc=example,dc=com$"
by dn.exact,expand="uid=$2,dc=example,dc=com" write
by ...
In fact, while a <dnstyle> of regex implies substring expansion, exact, as well as all the
other DN specific <dnstyle> values, does not, so it must be explicitly requested.
FILES
/etc/ldap/slapd.conf
default slapd configuration file
SEE ALSO
slapd(8), slapd-*(5), slapacl(8), regex(7), re_format(7)
"OpenLDAP Administrator's Guide" (http://www.OpenLDAP.org/doc/admin/)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
OpenLDAP Software is developed and maintained by The OpenLDAP Project <http://www.openl‐
dap.org/>. OpenLDAP Software is derived from University of Michigan LDAP 3.3 Release.
OpenLDAP 2014/09/20 SLAPD.ACCESS(5)
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