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DEBOOTSTRAP(8) Debian GNU/Linux manual DEBOOTSTRAP(8)
NAME
debootstrap - Bootstrap a basic Debian system
SYNOPSIS
debootstrap [OPTION...] SUITE TARGET [MIRROR [SCRIPT]]
debootstrap [OPTION...] --second-stage
DESCRIPTION
debootstrap bootstraps a basic Debian system of SUITE into TARGET from MIRROR by running
SCRIPT. MIRROR can be an http:// or https:// URL, a file:/// URL, or an ssh:/// URL.
The SUITE may be a release code name (eg, sid, jessie, wheezy) or a symbolic name (eg,
unstable, testing, stable, oldstable)
Notice that file:/ URLs are translated to file:/// (correct scheme as described in RFC1738
for local filenames), and file:// will not work. ssh://USER@HOST/PATH URLs are retrieved
using scp; use of ssh-agent or similar is strongly recommended.
Debootstrap can be used to install Debian in a system without using an installation disk
but can also be used to run a different Debian flavor in a chroot environment. This way
you can create a full (minimal) Debian installation which can be used for testing purposes
(see the EXAMPLES section). If you are looking for a chroot system to build packages
please take a look at pbuilder.
OPTIONS
--arch=ARCH
Set the target architecture (use if dpkg isn't installed). See also --foreign.
--include=alpha,beta
Comma separated list of packages which will be added to download and extract lists.
--exclude=alpha,beta
Comma separated list of packages which will be removed from download and extract
lists. WARNING: you can and probably will exclude essential packages, be careful
using this option.
--components=alpha,beta
Use packages from the listed components of the archive.
--no-resolve-deps
By default, debootstrap will attempt to automatically resolve any missing dependen‐
cies, warning if any are found. Note that this is not a complete dependency
resolve in the sense of dpkg or apt, and that it is far better to specify the
entire base system than rely on this option. With this option set, this behaviour
is disabled.
--variant=minbase|buildd|fakechroot|scratchbox
Name of the bootstrap script variant to use. Currently, the variants supported are
minbase, which only includes essential packages and apt; buildd, which installs the
build-essential packages into TARGET; and fakechroot, which installs the packages
without root privileges. Finally there is variant scratchbox, which is for creat‐
ing targets for scratchbox usage. The default, with no --variant=X argument, is to
create a base Debian installation in TARGET.
--keyring=KEYRING
Override the default keyring for the distribution being bootstrapped, and use
KEYRING to check signatures of retrieved Release files.
--no-check-gpg
Disables checking gpg signatures of retrieved Release files.
--verbose
Produce more info about downloading.
--print-debs
Print the packages to be installed, and exit. Note that a TARGET directory must be
specified so debootstrap can download Packages files to determine which packages
should be installed, and to resolve dependencies. The TARGET directory will be
deleted unless --keep-debootstrap-dir is specified.
--download-only
Download packages, but don't perform installation.
--foreign
Do the initial unpack phase of bootstrapping only, for example if the target archi‐
tecture does not match the host architecture. A copy of debootstrap sufficient for
completing the bootstrap process will be installed as /debootstrap/debootstrap in
the target filesystem. You can run it with the --second-stage option to complete
the bootstrapping process.
--second-stage
Complete the bootstrapping process. Other arguments are generally not needed.
--second-stage-target=DIR
Run second stage in a subdirectory instead of root. (can be used to create a for‐
eign chroot) (requires --second-stage)
--keep-debootstrap-dir
Don't delete the /debootstrap directory in the target after completing the instal‐
lation.
--unpack-tarball=FILE
Acquire .debs from tarball FILE instead of downloading via http.
--make-tarball=FILE
Instead of bootstrapping, make a tarball (written to FILE) of the downloaded pack‐
ages. The resulting tarball may be passed to a later --unpack-tarball.
--debian-installer
Used for internal purposes by the debian-installer
--extractor=TYPE
Override automatic .deb extractor selection to TYPE. Supported extractors are:
dpkg-deb and ar.
--no-check-certificate
Do not check certificate against certificate authorities
--certificate=FILE
Use the client certificate stored in file (PEM)
--private-key=FILE
Read the private key from file
EXAMPLES
To setup a wheezy system:
debootstrap wheezy ./wheezy-chroot http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian
debootstrap wheezy ./wheezy-chroot file:///LOCAL_MIRROR/debian
Full process to create a complete Debian installation of sid (unstable) in a chroot:
main # debootstrap sid sid-root http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/
[ ... watch it download the whole system ]
main # echo "proc sid-root/proc proc defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
main # mount proc sid-root/proc -t proc
main # echo "sysfs sid-root/sys sysfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
main # mount sysfs sid-root/sys -t sysfs
main # cp /etc/hosts sid-root/etc/hosts
main # chroot sid-root /bin/bash
AUTHOR
debootstrap was written by Anthony Towns <ajt AT debian.org>. This manpage was written by
Matt Kraai <kraai AT debian.org>.
Debian Project 2001-04-27 DEBOOTSTRAP(8)
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