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POSTSUPER(1)                         General Commands Manual                         POSTSUPER(1)



NAME
       postsuper - Postfix superintendent

SYNOPSIS
       postsuper [-psSv] [-c config_dir] [-d queue_id]
               [-h queue_id] [-H queue_id]
               [-r queue_id] [directory ...]

DESCRIPTION
       The postsuper(1) command does maintenance jobs on the Postfix queue. Use of the command is
       restricted to the superuser.  See the postqueue(1) command for unprivileged  queue  opera‐
       tions such as listing or flushing the mail queue.

       By default, postsuper(1) performs the operations requested with the -s and -p command-line
       options on all Postfix queue directories - this includes the incoming, active and deferred
       directories  with  mail  files and the bounce, defer, trace and flush directories with log
       files.

       Options:

       -c config_dir
              The main.cf configuration file is in the named directory  instead  of  the  default
              configuration directory. See also the MAIL_CONFIG environment setting below.

       -d queue_id
              Delete  one  message with the named queue ID from the named mail queue(s) (default:
              hold, incoming, active and deferred).

              If a queue_id of - is specified, the program reads queue IDs from  standard  input.
              For example, to delete all mail with exactly one recipient user AT example.com:

              mailq | tail +2 | grep -v '^ *(' | awk  ´BEGIN { RS = "" }
                  # $7=sender, $8=recipient1, $9=recipient2
                  { if ($8 == "user AT example.com" && $9 == "")
                        print $1 }
              ´ | tr -d '*!' | postsuper -d -

              Specify  "-d ALL" to remove all messages; for example, specify "-d ALL deferred" to
              delete all mail in the deferred queue.  As a safety measure, the word ALL  must  be
              specified in upper case.

              Warning: Postfix queue IDs are reused (always with Postfix <= 2.8; and with Postfix
              >= 2.9 when enable_long_queue_ids=no).  There is  a  very  small  possibility  that
              postsuper deletes the wrong message file when it is executed while the Postfix mail
              system is delivering mail.

              The scenario is as follows:

              1)     The Postfix queue manager deletes the message that postsuper(1) is asked  to
                     delete, because Postfix is finished with the message (it is delivered, or it
                     is returned to the sender).

              2)     New mail arrives, and the new message is given the same queue ID as the mes‐
                     sage that postsuper(1) is supposed to delete.  The probability for reusing a
                     deleted queue ID is about 1 in 2**15 (the number  of  different  microsecond
                     values that the system clock can distinguish within a second).

              3)     postsuper(1)  deletes  the  new  message, instead of the old message that it
                     should have deleted.

       -h queue_id
              Put mail "on hold" so that no attempt is made to deliver it.  Move one message with
              the  named  queue  ID  from  the named mail queue(s) (default: incoming, active and
              deferred) to the hold queue.

              If a queue_id of - is specified, the program reads queue IDs from standard input.

              Specify "-h ALL" to hold all messages; for example, specify "-h  ALL  deferred"  to
              hold  all  mail  in  the deferred queue.  As a safety measure, the word ALL must be
              specified in upper case.

              Note: while mail is "on hold" it will not expire when its time in the queue exceeds
              the  maximal_queue_lifetime or bounce_queue_lifetime setting. It becomes subject to
              expiration after it is released from "hold".

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.

       -H queue_id
              Release mail that was put "on hold".  Move one message with the named queue ID from
              the named mail queue(s) (default: hold) to the deferred queue.

              If a queue_id of - is specified, the program reads queue IDs from standard input.

              Note:  specify  "postsuper -r" to release mail that was kept on hold for a signifi‐
              cant fraction of $maximal_queue_lifetime or $bounce_queue_lifetime, or longer.

              Specify "-H ALL" to release all mail that is "on hold".  As a safety  measure,  the
              word ALL must be specified in upper case.

              This feature is available in Postfix 2.0 and later.

       -p     Purge old temporary files that are left over after system or software crashes.

       -r queue_id
              Requeue  the message with the named queue ID from the named mail queue(s) (default:
              hold, incoming, active and deferred).  To requeue multiple messages, specify multi‐
              ple -r command-line options.

              Alternatively,  if  a  queue_id of - is specified, the program reads queue IDs from
              standard input.

              Specify "-r ALL" to requeue all messages. As a safety measure, the word ALL must be
              specified in upper case.

              A  requeued  message is moved to the maildrop queue, from where it is copied by the
              pickup(8) and cleanup(8) daemons to a new queue file. In many respects its handling
              differs from that of a new local submission.

              ·      The  message is not subjected to the smtpd_milters or non_smtpd_milters set‐
                     tings.  When mail has passed through an external content filter, this  would
                     produce  incorrect  results with Milter applications that depend on original
                     SMTP connection state information.

              ·      The message is subjected again to mail address rewriting  and  substitution.
                     This is useful when rewriting rules or virtual mappings have changed.

                     The address rewriting context (local or remote) is the same as when the mes‐
                     sage was received.

              ·      The message is subjected to the same content_filter  settings  (if  any)  as
                     used  for  new  local  mail submissions.  This is useful when content_filter
                     settings have changed.

              Warning: Postfix queue IDs are reused (always with Postfix <= 2.8; and with Postfix
              >=  2.9  when  enable_long_queue_ids=no).   There  is a very small possibility that
              postsuper(1) requeues the wrong message file when it is executed while the  Postfix
              mail system is running, but no harm should be done.

              This feature is available in Postfix 1.1 and later.

       -s     Structure  check  and  structure  repair.   This should be done once before Postfix
              startup.

              ·      Rename files whose name does not match the message file inode  number.  This
                     operation is necessary after restoring a mail queue from a different machine
                     or from backup, when queue files were created with Postfix <=  2.8  or  with
                     "enable_long_queue_ids = no".

              ·      Move  queue  files  that are in the wrong place in the file system hierarchy
                     and remove subdirectories that are no  longer  needed.   File  position  re‐
                     arrangements  are  necessary  after  a change in the hash_queue_names and/or
                     hash_queue_depth configuration parameters.

              ·      Rename queue files created  with  "enable_long_queue_ids  =  yes"  to  short
                     names, for migration to Postfix <= 2.8.  The procedure is as follows:

                     # postfix stop
                     # postconf enable_long_queue_ids=no
                     # postsuper

                     Run postsuper(1) repeatedly until it stops reporting file name changes.

       -S     A redundant version of -s that requires that long file names also match the message
              file inode number. This option exists for testing purposes, and is  available  with
              Postfix 2.9 and later.

       -v     Enable  verbose  logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options make the soft‐
              ware increasingly verbose.

DIAGNOSTICS
       Problems are reported to the standard error stream and to syslogd(8).

       postsuper(1) reports the number of messages  deleted  with  -d,  the  number  of  messages
       requeued  with -r, and the number of messages whose queue file name was fixed with -s. The
       report is written to the standard error stream and to syslogd(8).

ENVIRONMENT
       MAIL_CONFIG
              Directory with the main.cf file.

BUGS
       Mail that is not sanitized by Postfix (i.e. mail in the maildrop queue) cannot  be  placed
       "on hold".

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
       The  following main.cf parameters are especially relevant to this program.  The text below
       provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for more details including examples.

       config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration files.

       hash_queue_depth (1)
              The  number  of  subdirectory  levels  for  queue  directories  listed   with   the
              hash_queue_names parameter.

       hash_queue_names (deferred, defer)
              The names of queue directories that are split across multiple subdirectory levels.

       queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

       syslog_facility (mail)
              The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

       syslog_name (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The  mail  system  name that is prepended to the process name in syslog records, so
              that "smtpd" becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".

       Available in Postfix version 2.9 and later:

       enable_long_queue_ids (no)
              Enable long, non-repeating, queue IDs (queue file names).

SEE ALSO
       sendmail(1), Sendmail-compatible user interface
       postqueue(1), unprivileged queue operations

LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)
       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA



                                                                                     POSTSUPER(1)


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