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insserv(8) - phpMan
INSSERV(8) System Manager's Manual INSSERV(8)
NAME
insserv - boot sequence organizer using LSB init.d script dependency information
SYNOPSIS
insserv [-v] [-c <config>] [-p <path>] [-d] [-f] [[/]path/to/init.d/]script ...
insserv [-v] [-c <config>] [-p <path>]
[[/]path/to/init.d/]script[,start=<lvl1,lvl2,...>,stop=<lvl1,lvl2,...>]
insserv [-v] [-c <config>] [-p <path>] -r [-d] [-f] [[/]path/to/init.d/]script ...
insserv -h
DESCRIPTION
insserv is a low level tool used by update-rc.d which enables an installed system init
script (`boot script') by reading the comment header of the script, e.g.:
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Required-Start: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Required-Stop: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Should-Start: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Should-Stop: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# X-Start-Before: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# X-Stop-After: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
# Default-Start: run_level_1 [ run_level_2 ...]
# Default-Stop: run_level_1 [ run_level_2 ...]
# X-Interactive: true
# Short-Description: single_line_description
# Description: multiline_description
### END INIT INFO
and calculating the dependencies between all scripts. It is not recommended to execute
insserv directly unless you know exactly what you're doing, doing so may render your boot
system inoperable. update-rc.d is the recommended interface for managing init scripts.
Please be aware that the line
# Required-Stop: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
declares facilities which must be available during shutdown of the service declared in the
Provides tag. Same holds true for
# Should-Stop: boot_facility_1 [ boot_facility_2 ...]
which declares facilities which should be available during shutdown of the service
declared in the Provides tag. In both cases the script system should avoid stopping ser‐
vices which are declared by these two Stop tags until the script including these tags is
stopped.
The optional X-Interactive keyword implies that the script using this keyword should be
started alone in a concurrent boot configuration because it interact with the user at the
console. Only the value `true' is recognised. All other are ignored.
The optional X-Start-Before keyword implies that the script using this keyword should be
started before the specified service names. Whereas the optional X-Stop-After keyword
implies that the script using this keyword should be stopped after the specified service
names. Both implies that those services now depend on the specifying script. With known
dependencies and runlevel(s) insserv sets and reorders the corresponding symbolic links of
the concerned runlevels directories.
insserv scans for System Facilities in the configuration file /etc/insserv.conf and each
file in the directory /etc/insserv.conf.d/. Each line which begins with $ and a following
name defines a system facility accordingly to the Linux Standard Base Specification (LSB),
All names followed by such a system facility will declare the required dependencies of the
facility. Here is an example for /etc/insserv.conf:
# All local filesystems are mounted
# (done during boot phase)
$local_fs boot
# Low level networking
$network network route
# Named is operational
$named named
# All remote filesystems are mounted
# (in some cases /usr may be remote).
$remote_fs $local_fs nfs
# System logger is operational
$syslog syslog
# All network daemons are running (This was removed in LSB 1.2)
$netdaemons portmap inetd
# Services which need to be interactive
<interactive> boot.crypto
Names starting with a `+' sign are marked as optional. If the service with the name after
the plus sign is available it will be used, if not available it is ignored silently.
Words beginning with < and ending with > are keywords. Currently <interactive> is the
only know keyword for marking a service as an interactive one, e.g. a service which
requires a passphrase or password input during boot or runlevel change. The special
facility $null is used to enforce an empty dependency in case of Should-Stop and Required-
Stop.
In addition to the defined System Facilities in the configuration file /etc/insserv.conf,
insserv also knows the special facility $all. This facility indicates that a service
should be inserted at the end of all services at starting and at the very beginning at
stopping. Clearly all services using this facility will be grouped into one starting or
stopping order.
OPTIONS
Currently there exists nine options for insserv.
-v, --verbose
Write out what is currently going on.
-c <config>, --config <config>
Specify path to the insserv.conf file and the insserv.conf.d directory. Useful for
testing.
-o <path>, --override <path>
LSB comment headers found in this path will override existing LSB comment headers
of scripts in the init.d directory (default path is /etc/insserv/overrides/).
-p <path>, --path <path>
Specify path to init.d directory. Useful for testing.
-n, --dryrun
Do not update symlinks.
-r, --remove
Remove the listed scripts from all runlevels.
-d, --default
Use default runlevels as defined in the scripts. This may restore an edited run‐
level link scheme.
-f, --force
Ignore if a required service is missed. Beside this if start and or stop levels are
specified on the command line the default levels of the script will be ignored.
-u <path>, --upstart-job <path>
Path to replace existing upstart job path. (default path is /lib/init/upstart-
job).
-s, --showall
Output runlevel and sequence information. Do not update symlinks.
-h, --help
Print out short usage message.
But you may use the argument syntax described in the following section.
ARGUMENTS
[[/]path/to/init.d/]
Relative or absolute path to the init scripts base directory. This defaults to
/etc/init.d/ in compliance with the LSB specification. In this case insserv does
not add or remove a script to the runlevels declared in the script headers, but may
re-order the runlevels if the order of the currently enabled scripts has changed
(see option -d). Note that if a relative path is used insserv has to be called
from the root directory.
[[/]path/to/init.d/]script ...
List of scripts which have to be added to the runlevels. If a path is used it
should point to the absolute or relative location of the boot scripts. insserv
checks for the existence of these scripts. For the runlevels the information found
in the script is used.
[[/]path/to/init.d/]script[,start=<lvl1,lvl2,...>]
List of scripts which have to be added to the specified runlevels to be started
with. You may use this extension to override the default values for start and stop
runlevels of the script. Note that lvl1, lvl2, ... are the known runlevels
explained above. The extension ,stop=<lvl1,lvl2,...> is also possible.
-r [[/]path/to/init.d/]script ...
List of scripts which should be removed from the runlevels. If a path is used it
should point to the absolute or relative location of the boot scripts. insserv
checks for the existence of these scripts.
OVERRIDES
Beside using the extensions ,start=<lvl1,lvl2,...> and ,stop=<lvl1,lvl2,...> it is possi‐
ble to use override files replace a LSB comment header or simple provide a missing LSB
comment header. This can be done by placing a file with the new LSB comment header using
the same name as the boot or init script in the directory /etc/insserv/overrides/. For
third party boot scripts without LSB header it is possible to add a file with the same
name in the directory /usr/share/insserv/overrides/ to make them completely LSB compliant.
UPSTART JOB COMPATIBILITY
To allow upstart jobs to work as init.d scripts, insserv will recognize a symlink from
path/to/init.d/script to /lib/init/upstart-job as upstart jobs, and instead of reading the
header from the file will run the script with the argument lsb-header to get the script
header.
EXIT CODES
The exit codes have the following conditions:
0 Service was successfully installed or removed
1 Service was not installed or removed
NOTE
Please be aware that the following patterns of boot script file names will be not accepted
by insserv:
*.dpkg*
*.rpm*
*.ba*
*.old
*.new
*.org
*.orig
*.save
*.swp
*.core
*~
with the wildcard character *. Beside this all boot script file names beginning with one
of the following characters
$.#%_+-\*[]^:()~
will be ignored.
BUGS
Boot scripts sometimes lack a LSB comment header. Contact a package maintainer or devel‐
oper of the software which provides the script to have a LSB comment header added to it.
FILES
/etc/insserv.conf
configuration file for insserv which defines the LSB System Facilities.
/etc/insserv.conf.d/
directory for further configuration files for declaring LSB System Facilities.
/etc/insserv/overrides/
path to replace existing LSB comment headers with the comment headers found in this
path.
/etc/init.d/
path to the init script base directory as required by the Linux Standard Base Spec‐
ification (LSB).
/etc/init.d/.depend.boot,
/etc/init.d/.depend.start,
/etc/init.d/.depend.stop
The make(1) like dependency files produced by insserv for booting, starting, and
stopping with the help of startpar(8).
SEE ALSO
init(8), startpar(8), update-rc.d(8).
COPYRIGHT
2000-2009 Werner Fink,
2009 SuSE Linux Products GmbH Nuernberg, Germany.
2000-2003 SuSE GmbH Nuernberg, Germany,
2007-2009 SuSE Linux Products GmbH Nuernberg, Germany.
AUTHOR
Werner Fink <feedback AT suse.de>
CONTRIBUTORS
Petter Reinholdtsen
Kel Modderman
3rd Berkeley Distribution Jul 29, 2008 INSSERV(8)
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